[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":4420},["ShallowReactive",2],{"global-navigation":3,"page-\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl39-c":28,"surround-\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl39-c":2634,"sidebar-sei-cert-c-coding-standard":2641},[4,8],{"title":5,"path":6,"_path":6,"fromAppConfig":7},"Home","\u002F",true,{"title":9,"path":10,"children":11,"_path":27,"fromAppConfig":7},"Coding Standards","\u002Fcoding-standards\u002F",[12,15,18,21,24],{"title":13,"path":14},"Android Coding Standard","\u002Fandroid-secure-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":16,"path":17},"C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":19,"path":20},"C++ Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":22,"path":23},"Java Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-oracle-coding-standard-for-java\u002F",{"title":25,"path":26},"Perl Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-perl-coding-standard\u002F","\u002Fcoding-standards",{"id":29,"title":30,"body":31,"description":2620,"extension":2621,"meta":2622,"navigation":7,"path":2630,"seo":2631,"stem":2632,"__hash__":2633},"content\u002F4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F7.dcl39-c.md","DCL39-C. Avoid information leakage when passing a structure across a trust boundary",{"type":32,"value":33,"toc":2604},"minimark",[34,38,53,59,62,65,70,78,303,311,317,527,534,538,541,885,897,901,909,1185,1205,1209,1216,1362,1366,1384,1549,1558,1561,1572,1737,1740,1746,2001,2010,2022,2025,2028,2036,2103,2108,2403,2407,2429,2450,2462,2475,2479,2486,2525,2529,2575,2578,2600],[35,36,30],"h1",{"id":37},"dcl39-c-avoid-information-leakage-when-passing-a-structure-across-a-trust-boundary",[39,40,41,42,47,48,52],"p",{},"The C Standard, 6.7.3.2, discusses the layout of structure fields. It specifies that non-bit-field members are aligned in an ",[43,44,46],"a",{"href":45},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-implementation-definedbehavior","implementation-defined"," manner and that there may be padding within or at the end of a structure. Furthermore, initializing the members of the structure does not guarantee initialization of the padding bytes. The C Standard, 6.2.6.1, paragraph 6 [ ",[43,49,51],{"href":50},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Faa-bibliography#AA.Bibliography-ISO-IEC9899-2024","ISO\u002FIEC 9899:2024"," ], states",[54,55,56],"blockquote",{},[39,57,58],{},"When a value is stored in an object of structure or union type, including in a member object, the bytes of the object representation that correspond to any padding bytes take unspecified values (e.g. structure and union assignment may or may not copy any padding bits).",[39,60,61],{},"Additionally, the storage units in which a bit-field resides may also have padding bits. For an object with automatic storage duration, these padding bits do not take on specific values and can contribute to leaking sensitive information.",[39,63,64],{},"When passing a pointer to a structure across a trust boundary to a different trusted domain, the programmer must ensure that the padding bytes and bit-field storage unit padding bits of such a structure do not contain sensitive information.",[66,67,69],"h2",{"id":68},"noncompliant-code-example","Noncompliant Code Example",[39,71,72,73,77],{},"This noncompliant code example runs in kernel space and copies data from ",[74,75,76],"code",{},"arg"," to user space. However, padding bytes may be used within the structure, for example, to ensure the proper alignment of the structure members. These padding bytes may contain sensitive information, which may then be leaked when the data is copied to user space.",[79,80,82],"code-block",{"quality":81},"bad",[83,84,89],"pre",{"className":85,"code":86,"language":87,"meta":88,"style":88},"language-c shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","#include \u003Cstddef.h>\n\nstruct test {\n  int a;\n  char b;\n  int c;\n};\n\n\u002F* Safely copy bytes to user space *\u002F\nextern int copy_to_user(void *dest, void *src, size_t size);\n\nvoid do_stuff(void *usr_buf) {\n  struct test arg = {.a = 1, .b = 2, .c = 3};\n  copy_to_user(usr_buf, &arg, sizeof(arg));\n}\n","c","",[74,90,91,104,110,121,130,139,147,153,158,165,212,217,237,276,297],{"__ignoreMap":88},[92,93,96,100],"span",{"class":94,"line":95},"line",1,[92,97,99],{"class":98},"sC2Qs","#include",[92,101,103],{"class":102},"sstjo"," 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*\u002F\n",[92,166,168,171,174,178,181,184,187,191,194,196,198,201,203,206,209],{"class":94,"line":167},10,[92,169,170],{"class":98},"extern",[92,172,173],{"class":115}," int",[92,175,177],{"class":176},"srTi1"," copy_to_user",[92,179,180],{"class":119},"(",[92,182,183],{"class":115},"void",[92,185,186],{"class":98}," *",[92,188,190],{"class":189},"sTHNf","dest",[92,192,193],{"class":119},", ",[92,195,183],{"class":115},[92,197,186],{"class":98},[92,199,200],{"class":189},"src",[92,202,193],{"class":119},[92,204,205],{"class":115},"size_t",[92,207,208],{"class":189}," size",[92,210,211],{"class":119},");\n",[92,213,215],{"class":94,"line":214},11,[92,216,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,218,220,222,225,227,229,231,234],{"class":94,"line":219},12,[92,221,183],{"class":115},[92,223,224],{"class":176}," do_stuff",[92,226,180],{"class":119},[92,228,183],{"class":115},[92,230,186],{"class":98},[92,232,233],{"class":189},"usr_buf",[92,235,236],{"class":119},") 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)",[39,312,313,314,316],{},"The padding bytes can be explicitly initialized by calling ",[74,315,309],{}," :",[79,318,319],{"quality":81},[83,320,322],{"className":85,"code":321,"language":87,"meta":88,"style":88},"#include \u003Cstring.h>\n\nstruct test {\n  int a;\n  char b;\n  int c;\n};\n\n\u002F* Safely copy bytes to user space *\u002F\nextern int copy_to_user(void *dest, void *src, size_t size);\n\nvoid do_stuff(void *usr_buf) {\n  struct test arg;\n\n  \u002F* Set all bytes (including padding bytes) to zero *\u002F\n  memset(&arg, 0, sizeof(arg));\n\n  arg.a = 1;\n  arg.b = 2;\n  arg.c = 3;\n\n  copy_to_user(usr_buf, &arg, sizeof(arg));\n}\n",[74,323,324,331,335,341,347,353,359,363,367,371,403,407,423,430,434,439,460,465,478,490,502,507,522],{"__ignoreMap":88},[92,325,326,328],{"class":94,"line":95},[92,327,99],{"class":98},[92,329,330],{"class":102}," \u003Cstring.h>\n",[92,332,333],{"class":94,"line":106},[92,334,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,336,337,339],{"class":94,"line":112},[92,338,116],{"class":115},[92,340,120],{"class":119},[92,342,343,345],{"class":94,"line":123},[92,344,126],{"class":115},[92,346,129],{"class":119},[92,348,349,351],{"class":94,"line":132},[92,350,135],{"class":115},[92,352,138],{"class":119},[92,354,355,357],{"class":94,"line":141},[92,356,126],{"class":115},[92,358,146],{"class":119},[92,360,361],{"class":94,"line":149},[92,362,152],{"class":119},[92,364,365],{"class":94,"line":155},[92,366,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,368,369],{"class":94,"line":160},[92,370,164],{"class":163},[92,372,373,375,377,379,381,383,385,387,389,391,393,395,397,399,401],{"class":94,"line":167},[92,374,170],{"class":98},[92,376,173],{"class":115},[92,378,177],{"class":176},[92,380,180],{"class":119},[92,382,183],{"class":115},[92,384,186],{"class":98},[92,386,190],{"class":189},[92,388,193],{"class":119},[92,390,183],{"class":115},[92,392,186],{"class":98},[92,394,200],{"class":189},[92,396,193],{"class":119},[92,398,205],{"class":115},[92,400,208],{"class":189},[92,402,211],{"class":119},[92,404,405],{"class":94,"line":214},[92,406,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,408,409,411,413,415,417,419,421],{"class":94,"line":219},[92,410,183],{"class":115},[92,412,224],{"class":176},[92,414,180],{"class":119},[92,416,183],{"class":115},[92,418,186],{"class":98},[92,420,233],{"class":189},[92,422,236],{"class":119},[92,424,425,427],{"class":94,"line":239},[92,426,242],{"class":115},[92,428,429],{"class":119}," test arg;\n",[92,431,432],{"class":94,"line":278},[92,433,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,435,436],{"class":94,"line":299},[92,437,438],{"class":163},"  \u002F* Set all bytes (including padding bytes) to zero *\u002F\n",[92,440,442,445,447,449,451,454,456,458],{"class":94,"line":441},16,[92,443,444],{"class":176},"  memset",[92,446,180],{"class":119},[92,448,287],{"class":98},[92,450,290],{"class":119},[92,452,453],{"class":256},"0",[92,455,193],{"class":119},[92,457,293],{"class":98},[92,459,296],{"class":119},[92,461,463],{"class":94,"line":462},17,[92,464,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,466,468,471,473,475],{"class":94,"line":467},18,[92,469,470],{"class":119},"  arg.a ",[92,472,248],{"class":98},[92,474,257],{"class":256},[92,476,477],{"class":119},";\n",[92,479,481,484,486,488],{"class":94,"line":480},19,[92,482,483],{"class":119},"  arg.b ",[92,485,248],{"class":98},[92,487,265],{"class":256},[92,489,477],{"class":119},[92,491,493,496,498,500],{"class":94,"line":492},20,[92,494,495],{"class":119},"  arg.c ",[92,497,248],{"class":98},[92,499,273],{"class":256},[92,501,477],{"class":119},[92,503,505],{"class":94,"line":504},21,[92,506,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,508,510,512,514,516,518,520],{"class":94,"line":509},22,[92,511,281],{"class":176},[92,513,284],{"class":119},[92,515,287],{"class":98},[92,517,290],{"class":119},[92,519,293],{"class":98},[92,521,296],{"class":119},[92,523,525],{"class":94,"line":524},23,[92,526,302],{"class":119},[39,528,529,530,533],{},"However, a conforming compiler is free to implement ",[74,531,532],{},"  arg.b = 2 "," by setting the low-order bits of a register to 2, leaving the high-order bits unchanged and containing sensitive information. Then the platform copies all register bits into memory, leaving sensitive information in the padding bits. Consequently, this implementation could leak the high-order bits from the register to a user.",[66,535,537],{"id":536},"compliant-solution","Compliant Solution",[39,539,540],{},"This compliant solution serializes the structure data before copying it to an untrusted context:",[79,542,544],{"quality":543},"good",[83,545,549],{"className":546,"code":547,"language":548,"meta":88,"style":88},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","#include \u003Cstddef.h>\n#include \u003Cstring.h>\n \nstruct test {\n  int a;\n  char b;\n  int c;\n};\n \n\u002F* Safely copy bytes to user space *\u002F\nextern int copy_to_user(void *dest, void *src, size_t size);\n \nvoid do_stuff(void *usr_buf) {\n  struct test arg = {.a = 1, .b = 2, .c = 3};\n  \u002F* May be larger than strictly needed *\u002F\n  unsigned char buf[sizeof(arg)];\n  size_t offset = 0;\n  \n  memcpy(buf + offset, &arg.a, sizeof(arg.a));\n  offset += sizeof(arg.a);\n  memcpy(buf + offset, &arg.b, sizeof(arg.b));\n  offset += sizeof(arg.b);\n  memcpy(buf + offset, &arg.c, sizeof(arg.c));\n  offset += sizeof(arg.c);\n  \u002F* Set all remaining bytes to zero *\u002F\n  memset(buf + offset, 0, sizeof(arg) - offset);\n\n  copy_to_user(usr_buf, buf, offset \u002F* size of info copied *\u002F);\n} \n","java",[74,550,551,565,576,581,586,593,600,606,610,614,618,644,648,663,690,695,711,723,728,752,766,786,797,817,829,835,861,866,880],{"__ignoreMap":88},[92,552,553,556,559,562],{"class":94,"line":95},[92,554,555],{"class":119},"#include ",[92,557,558],{"class":98},"\u003C",[92,560,561],{"class":119},"stddef.h",[92,563,564],{"class":98},">\n",[92,566,567,569,571,574],{"class":94,"line":106},[92,568,555],{"class":119},[92,570,558],{"class":98},[92,572,573],{"class":119},"string.h",[92,575,564],{"class":98},[92,577,578],{"class":94,"line":112},[92,579,580],{"class":119}," \n",[92,582,583],{"class":94,"line":123},[92,584,585],{"class":119},"struct test 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size);\n",[92,645,646],{"class":94,"line":219},[92,647,580],{"class":119},[92,649,650,652,654,656,658,660],{"class":94,"line":239},[92,651,183],{"class":115},[92,653,224],{"class":176},[92,655,180],{"class":119},[92,657,183],{"class":115},[92,659,186],{"class":98},[92,661,662],{"class":119},"usr_buf) {\n",[92,664,665,668,670,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688],{"class":94,"line":278},[92,666,667],{"class":119},"  struct test arg ",[92,669,248],{"class":98},[92,671,251],{"class":119},[92,673,248],{"class":98},[92,675,257],{"class":256},[92,677,260],{"class":119},[92,679,248],{"class":98},[92,681,265],{"class":256},[92,683,268],{"class":119},[92,685,248],{"class":98},[92,687,273],{"class":256},[92,689,152],{"class":119},[92,691,692],{"class":94,"line":299},[92,693,694],{"class":163},"  \u002F* May be larger than strictly needed *\u002F\n",[92,696,697,700,703,706,708],{"class":94,"line":441},[92,698,699],{"class":119},"  unsigned 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sizeof",[92,764,765],{"class":119},"(arg.a);\n",[92,767,768,770,772,774,776,778,781,783],{"class":94,"line":504},[92,769,732],{"class":176},[92,771,735],{"class":119},[92,773,738],{"class":98},[92,775,741],{"class":119},[92,777,287],{"class":98},[92,779,780],{"class":119},"arg.b, ",[92,782,293],{"class":176},[92,784,785],{"class":119},"(arg.b));\n",[92,787,788,790,792,794],{"class":94,"line":509},[92,789,756],{"class":119},[92,791,759],{"class":98},[92,793,762],{"class":176},[92,795,796],{"class":119},"(arg.b);\n",[92,798,799,801,803,805,807,809,812,814],{"class":94,"line":524},[92,800,732],{"class":176},[92,802,735],{"class":119},[92,804,738],{"class":98},[92,806,741],{"class":119},[92,808,287],{"class":98},[92,810,811],{"class":119},"arg.c, ",[92,813,293],{"class":176},[92,815,816],{"class":119},"(arg.c));\n",[92,818,820,822,824,826],{"class":94,"line":819},24,[92,821,756],{"class":119},[92,823,759],{"class":98},[92,825,762],{"class":176},[92,827,828],{"class":119},"(arg.c);\n",[92,830,832],{"class":94,"line":831},25,[92,833,834],{"class":163},"  \u002F* Set all remaining bytes to zero *\u002F\n",[92,836,838,840,842,844,846,848,850,852,855,858],{"class":94,"line":837},26,[92,839,444],{"class":176},[92,841,735],{"class":119},[92,843,738],{"class":98},[92,845,741],{"class":119},[92,847,453],{"class":256},[92,849,193],{"class":119},[92,851,293],{"class":176},[92,853,854],{"class":119},"(arg) ",[92,856,857],{"class":98},"-",[92,859,860],{"class":119}," offset);\n",[92,862,864],{"class":94,"line":863},27,[92,865,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,867,869,872,875,878],{"class":94,"line":868},28,[92,870,871],{"class":176},"  copy_to_user",[92,873,874],{"class":119},"(usr_buf, buf, offset ",[92,876,877],{"class":163},"\u002F* size of info copied *\u002F",[92,879,211],{"class":119},[92,881,883],{"class":94,"line":882},29,[92,884,302],{"class":119},[39,886,887,888,892,893,896],{},"This code ensures that no uninitialized padding bytes are copied to unprivileged users. ",[889,890,891],"strong",{},"Important:"," The structure copied to user space is now a packed structure and the ",[74,894,895],{},"copy_to_user()"," function (or other eventual user) would need to unpack it to recreate the original padded structure.",[66,898,900],{"id":899},"compliant-solution-padding-bytes","Compliant Solution (Padding Bytes)",[39,902,903,904,908],{},"Padding bytes can be explicitly declared as fields within the structure. This solution is not portable, however, because it depends on the ",[43,905,907],{"href":906},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-implementation","implementation"," and target memory architecture. The following solution is specific to the x86-32 architecture:",[79,910,911],{"quality":543},[83,912,914],{"className":546,"code":913,"language":548,"meta":88,"style":88},"#include \u003Cassert.h>\n#include \u003Cstddef.h>\n\nstruct test {\n  int a;\n  char b;\n  char padding_1, padding_2, padding_3;\n  int c;\n};\n\n\u002F* Safely copy bytes to user space *\u002F\nextern int copy_to_user(void *dest, void *src, size_t size);\n\nvoid do_stuff(void *usr_buf) {\n  \u002F* Ensure c is the next byte after the last padding byte *\u002F\n  static_assert(offsetof(struct test, c) ==\n                offsetof(struct test, padding_3) + 1,\n                \"Structure contains intermediate padding\");\n  \u002F* Ensure there is no trailing padding *\u002F\n  static_assert(sizeof(struct test) ==\n                offsetof(struct test, c) + sizeof(int),\n                \"Structure contains trailing padding\");\n  struct test arg = {.a = 1, .b = 2, .c = 3};\n  arg.padding_1 = 0;\n  arg.padding_2 = 0;\n  arg.padding_3 = 0;\n  copy_to_user(usr_buf, &arg, sizeof(arg));\n}\n",[74,915,916,927,937,941,945,951,957,964,970,974,978,982,1004,1008,1022,1027,1043,1058,1065,1070,1083,1100,1107,1134,1145,1156,1167,1181],{"__ignoreMap":88},[92,917,918,920,922,925],{"class":94,"line":95},[92,919,555],{"class":119},[92,921,558],{"class":98},[92,923,924],{"class":119},"assert.h",[92,926,564],{"class":98},[92,928,929,931,933,935],{"class":94,"line":106},[92,930,555],{"class":119},[92,932,558],{"class":98},[92,934,561],{"class":119},[92,936,564],{"class":98},[92,938,939],{"class":94,"line":112},[92,940,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,942,943],{"class":94,"line":123},[92,944,585],{"class":119},[92,946,947,949],{"class":94,"line":132},[92,948,126],{"class":115},[92,950,129],{"class":119},[92,952,953,955],{"class":94,"line":141},[92,954,135],{"class":115},[92,956,138],{"class":119},[92,958,959,961],{"class":94,"line":149},[92,960,135],{"class":115},[92,962,963],{"class":119}," padding_1, padding_2, padding_3;\n",[92,965,966,968],{"class":94,"line":155},[92,967,126],{"class":115},[92,969,146],{"class":119},[92,971,972],{"class":94,"line":160},[92,973,152],{"class":119},[92,975,976],{"class":94,"line":167},[92,977,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,979,980],{"class":94,"line":214},[92,981,164],{"class":163},[92,983,984,986,988,990,992,994,996,998,1000,1002],{"class":94,"line":219},[92,985,622],{"class":119},[92,987,625],{"class":115},[92,989,177],{"class":176},[92,991,180],{"class":119},[92,993,183],{"class":115},[92,995,186],{"class":98},[92,997,636],{"class":119},[92,999,183],{"class":115},[92,1001,186],{"class":98},[92,1003,643],{"class":119},[92,1005,1006],{"class":94,"line":239},[92,1007,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1009,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020],{"class":94,"line":278},[92,1011,183],{"class":115},[92,1013,224],{"class":176},[92,1015,180],{"class":119},[92,1017,183],{"class":115},[92,1019,186],{"class":98},[92,1021,662],{"class":119},[92,1023,1024],{"class":94,"line":299},[92,1025,1026],{"class":163},"  \u002F* Ensure c is the next byte after the last padding byte *\u002F\n",[92,1028,1029,1032,1034,1037,1040],{"class":94,"line":441},[92,1030,1031],{"class":176},"  static_assert",[92,1033,180],{"class":119},[92,1035,1036],{"class":176},"offsetof",[92,1038,1039],{"class":119},"(struct test, c) ",[92,1041,1042],{"class":98},"==\n",[92,1044,1045,1048,1051,1053,1055],{"class":94,"line":462},[92,1046,1047],{"class":176},"                offsetof",[92,1049,1050],{"class":119},"(struct test, padding_3) ",[92,1052,738],{"class":98},[92,1054,257],{"class":256},[92,1056,1057],{"class":119},",\n",[92,1059,1060,1063],{"class":94,"line":467},[92,1061,1062],{"class":102},"                \"Structure contains intermediate padding\"",[92,1064,211],{"class":119},[92,1066,1067],{"class":94,"line":480},[92,1068,1069],{"class":163},"  \u002F* Ensure there is no trailing padding *\u002F\n",[92,1071,1072,1074,1076,1078,1081],{"class":94,"line":492},[92,1073,1031],{"class":176},[92,1075,180],{"class":119},[92,1077,293],{"class":176},[92,1079,1080],{"class":119},"(struct test) ",[92,1082,1042],{"class":98},[92,1084,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097],{"class":94,"line":504},[92,1086,1047],{"class":176},[92,1088,1039],{"class":119},[92,1090,738],{"class":98},[92,1092,762],{"class":176},[92,1094,180],{"class":119},[92,1096,625],{"class":115},[92,1098,1099],{"class":119},"),\n",[92,1101,1102,1105],{"class":94,"line":509},[92,1103,1104],{"class":102},"                \"Structure contains trailing padding\"",[92,1106,211],{"class":119},[92,1108,1109,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130,1132],{"class":94,"line":524},[92,1110,1111],{"class":119},"  struct test arg ",[92,1113,248],{"class":98},[92,1115,251],{"class":119},[92,1117,248],{"class":98},[92,1119,257],{"class":256},[92,1121,260],{"class":119},[92,1123,248],{"class":98},[92,1125,265],{"class":256},[92,1127,268],{"class":119},[92,1129,248],{"class":98},[92,1131,273],{"class":256},[92,1133,152],{"class":119},[92,1135,1136,1139,1141,1143],{"class":94,"line":819},[92,1137,1138],{"class":119},"  arg.padding_1 ",[92,1140,248],{"class":98},[92,1142,720],{"class":256},[92,1144,477],{"class":119},[92,1146,1147,1150,1152,1154],{"class":94,"line":831},[92,1148,1149],{"class":119},"  arg.padding_2 ",[92,1151,248],{"class":98},[92,1153,720],{"class":256},[92,1155,477],{"class":119},[92,1157,1158,1161,1163,1165],{"class":94,"line":837},[92,1159,1160],{"class":119},"  arg.padding_3 ",[92,1162,248],{"class":98},[92,1164,720],{"class":256},[92,1166,477],{"class":119},[92,1168,1169,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179],{"class":94,"line":863},[92,1170,281],{"class":176},[92,1172,284],{"class":119},[92,1174,287],{"class":98},[92,1176,290],{"class":119},[92,1178,293],{"class":176},[92,1180,296],{"class":119},[92,1182,1183],{"class":94,"line":868},[92,1184,302],{"class":119},[39,1186,1187,1188,1191,1192,1196,1197,1201,1202,1204],{},"The C Standard ",[74,1189,1190],{},"static_assert()"," macro accepts a constant expression and an ",[43,1193,1195],{"href":1194},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-error","error message"," . The expression is evaluated at compile time and, if false, the compilation is terminated and the error message is output. (See ",[43,1198,1200],{"href":1199},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl03-c","DCL03-C. Use a static assertion to test the value of a constant expression"," for more details.) The explicit insertion of the padding bytes into the ",[74,1203,116],{}," should ensure that no additional padding bytes are added by the compiler and consequently both static assertions should be true. However, it is necessary to validate these assumptions to ensure that the solution is correct for a particular implementation.",[66,1206,1208],{"id":1207},"compliant-solution-structure-packinggcc","Compliant Solution (Structure Packing—GCC)",[39,1210,1211,1212,1215],{},"GCC allows specifying declaration attributes using the keyword ",[74,1213,1214],{},"__attribute__((__packed__))"," . When this attribute is present, the compiler will not add padding bytes for memory alignment unless an explicit alignment specifier for a structure member requires the introduction of padding bytes.",[79,1217,1218],{"quality":543},[83,1219,1221],{"className":546,"code":1220,"language":548,"meta":88,"style":88},"#include \u003Cstddef.h>\n\nstruct test {\n  int a;\n  char b;\n  int c;\n} __attribute__((__packed__));\n\n\u002F* Safely copy bytes to user space *\u002F\nextern int copy_to_user(void *dest, void *src, size_t size);\n\nvoid do_stuff(void *usr_buf) {\n  struct test arg = {.a = 1, .b = 2, .c = 3};\n  copy_to_user(usr_buf, &arg, sizeof(arg));\n}\n",[74,1222,1223,1233,1237,1241,1247,1253,1259,1270,1274,1278,1300,1304,1318,1344,1358],{"__ignoreMap":88},[92,1224,1225,1227,1229,1231],{"class":94,"line":95},[92,1226,555],{"class":119},[92,1228,558],{"class":98},[92,1230,561],{"class":119},[92,1232,564],{"class":98},[92,1234,1235],{"class":94,"line":106},[92,1236,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1238,1239],{"class":94,"line":112},[92,1240,585],{"class":119},[92,1242,1243,1245],{"class":94,"line":123},[92,1244,126],{"class":115},[92,1246,129],{"class":119},[92,1248,1249,1251],{"class":94,"line":132},[92,1250,135],{"class":115},[92,1252,138],{"class":119},[92,1254,1255,1257],{"class":94,"line":141},[92,1256,126],{"class":115},[92,1258,146],{"class":119},[92,1260,1261,1264,1267],{"class":94,"line":149},[92,1262,1263],{"class":119},"} ",[92,1265,1266],{"class":176},"__attribute__",[92,1268,1269],{"class":119},"((__packed__));\n",[92,1271,1272],{"class":94,"line":155},[92,1273,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1275,1276],{"class":94,"line":160},[92,1277,164],{"class":163},[92,1279,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292,1294,1296,1298],{"class":94,"line":167},[92,1281,622],{"class":119},[92,1283,625],{"class":115},[92,1285,177],{"class":176},[92,1287,180],{"class":119},[92,1289,183],{"class":115},[92,1291,186],{"class":98},[92,1293,636],{"class":119},[92,1295,183],{"class":115},[92,1297,186],{"class":98},[92,1299,643],{"class":119},[92,1301,1302],{"class":94,"line":214},[92,1303,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1305,1306,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316],{"class":94,"line":219},[92,1307,183],{"class":115},[92,1309,224],{"class":176},[92,1311,180],{"class":119},[92,1313,183],{"class":115},[92,1315,186],{"class":98},[92,1317,662],{"class":119},[92,1319,1320,1322,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334,1336,1338,1340,1342],{"class":94,"line":239},[92,1321,1111],{"class":119},[92,1323,248],{"class":98},[92,1325,251],{"class":119},[92,1327,248],{"class":98},[92,1329,257],{"class":256},[92,1331,260],{"class":119},[92,1333,248],{"class":98},[92,1335,265],{"class":256},[92,1337,268],{"class":119},[92,1339,248],{"class":98},[92,1341,273],{"class":256},[92,1343,152],{"class":119},[92,1345,1346,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356],{"class":94,"line":278},[92,1347,281],{"class":176},[92,1349,284],{"class":119},[92,1351,287],{"class":98},[92,1353,290],{"class":119},[92,1355,293],{"class":176},[92,1357,296],{"class":119},[92,1359,1360],{"class":94,"line":299},[92,1361,302],{"class":119},[66,1363,1365],{"id":1364},"compliant-solution-structure-packingmicrosoft-visual-studio","Compliant Solution (Structure Packing—Microsoft Visual Studio)",[39,1367,1368,1369,1372,1373,1379,1380,1383],{},"Microsoft Visual Studio  supports ",[74,1370,1371],{},"  #pragma pack() "," to suppress padding bytes [ ",[43,1374,1378],{"href":1375,"rel":1376},"http:\u002F\u002Fmsdn.microsoft.com\u002Fen-us\u002Flibrary\u002F2e70t5y1(v=vs.110).aspx",[1377],"nofollow","MSDN"," ]. The compiler adds padding bytes for memory alignment, depending on the current packing mode, but still honors the alignment specified by ",[74,1381,1382],{},"__declspec(align())"," . In this compliant solution, the packing mode is set to 1 in an attempt to ensure all fields are given adjacent offsets:",[79,1385,1386],{"quality":543},[83,1387,1389],{"className":546,"code":1388,"language":548,"meta":88,"style":88},"#include \u003Cstddef.h>\n\n#pragma pack(push, 1) \u002F* 1 byte *\u002F\nstruct test {\n  int a;\n  char b;\n  int c;\n};\n#pragma pack(pop)\n \n\u002F* Safely copy bytes to user space *\u002F\nextern int copy_to_user(void *dest, void *src, size_t size);\n\nvoid do_stuff(void *usr_buf) {\n  struct test arg = {1, 2, 3};\n  copy_to_user(usr_buf, &arg, sizeof(arg));\n}\n",[74,1390,1391,1401,1405,1425,1429,1435,1441,1447,1451,1460,1464,1468,1490,1494,1508,1531,1545],{"__ignoreMap":88},[92,1392,1393,1395,1397,1399],{"class":94,"line":95},[92,1394,555],{"class":119},[92,1396,558],{"class":98},[92,1398,561],{"class":119},[92,1400,564],{"class":98},[92,1402,1403],{"class":94,"line":106},[92,1404,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1406,1407,1410,1413,1416,1419,1422],{"class":94,"line":112},[92,1408,1409],{"class":119},"#pragma ",[92,1411,1412],{"class":176},"pack",[92,1414,1415],{"class":119},"(push, ",[92,1417,1418],{"class":256},"1",[92,1420,1421],{"class":119},") ",[92,1423,1424],{"class":163},"\u002F* 1 byte *\u002F\n",[92,1426,1427],{"class":94,"line":123},[92,1428,585],{"class":119},[92,1430,1431,1433],{"class":94,"line":132},[92,1432,126],{"class":115},[92,1434,129],{"class":119},[92,1436,1437,1439],{"class":94,"line":141},[92,1438,135],{"class":115},[92,1440,138],{"class":119},[92,1442,1443,1445],{"class":94,"line":149},[92,1444,126],{"class":115},[92,1446,146],{"class":119},[92,1448,1449],{"class":94,"line":155},[92,1450,152],{"class":119},[92,1452,1453,1455,1457],{"class":94,"line":160},[92,1454,1409],{"class":119},[92,1456,1412],{"class":176},[92,1458,1459],{"class":119},"(pop)\n",[92,1461,1462],{"class":94,"line":167},[92,1463,580],{"class":119},[92,1465,1466],{"class":94,"line":214},[92,1467,164],{"class":163},[92,1469,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488],{"class":94,"line":219},[92,1471,622],{"class":119},[92,1473,625],{"class":115},[92,1475,177],{"class":176},[92,1477,180],{"class":119},[92,1479,183],{"class":115},[92,1481,186],{"class":98},[92,1483,636],{"class":119},[92,1485,183],{"class":115},[92,1487,186],{"class":98},[92,1489,643],{"class":119},[92,1491,1492],{"class":94,"line":239},[92,1493,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1495,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506],{"class":94,"line":278},[92,1497,183],{"class":115},[92,1499,224],{"class":176},[92,1501,180],{"class":119},[92,1503,183],{"class":115},[92,1505,186],{"class":98},[92,1507,662],{"class":119},[92,1509,1510,1512,1514,1517,1519,1521,1524,1526,1529],{"class":94,"line":299},[92,1511,1111],{"class":119},[92,1513,248],{"class":98},[92,1515,1516],{"class":119}," {",[92,1518,1418],{"class":256},[92,1520,193],{"class":119},[92,1522,1523],{"class":256},"2",[92,1525,193],{"class":119},[92,1527,1528],{"class":256},"3",[92,1530,152],{"class":119},[92,1532,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543],{"class":94,"line":441},[92,1534,281],{"class":176},[92,1536,284],{"class":119},[92,1538,287],{"class":98},[92,1540,290],{"class":119},[92,1542,293],{"class":176},[92,1544,296],{"class":119},[92,1546,1547],{"class":94,"line":462},[92,1548,302],{"class":119},[39,1550,1551,1552,1554,1555,1557],{},"The ",[74,1553,1412],{}," pragma takes effect at the first ",[74,1556,116],{}," declaration after the pragma is seen.",[66,1559,69],{"id":1560},"noncompliant-code-example-1",[39,1562,1563,1564,1567,1568,1571],{},"This noncompliant code example also runs in kernel space and copies data from ",[74,1565,1566],{},"  struct test "," to user space. However, padding bits will be used within the structure due to the bit-field member lengths not adding up to the number of bits in an ",[74,1569,1570],{},"unsigned"," object. Further, there is an unnamed bit-field that causes no further bit-fields to be packed into the same storage unit. These padding bits may contain sensitive information, which may then be leaked when the data is copied to user space. For instance, the uninitialized bits may contain a sensitive kernel space pointer value that can be trivially reconstructed by an attacker in user space.",[79,1573,1574],{"quality":81},[83,1575,1577],{"className":85,"code":1576,"language":87,"meta":88,"style":88},"#include \u003Cstddef.h>\n\nstruct test {\n  unsigned a : 1;\n  unsigned : 0;\n  unsigned b : 4;\n};\n\n\u002F* Safely copy bytes to user space *\u002F\nextern int copy_to_user(void *dest, void *src, size_t size);\n\nvoid do_stuff(void *usr_buf) {\n  struct test arg = { .a = 1, .b = 10 };\n  copy_to_user(usr_buf, &arg, sizeof(arg));\n}\n",[74,1578,1579,1585,1589,1595,1607,1618,1630,1634,1638,1642,1674,1678,1694,1719,1733],{"__ignoreMap":88},[92,1580,1581,1583],{"class":94,"line":95},[92,1582,99],{"class":98},[92,1584,103],{"class":102},[92,1586,1587],{"class":94,"line":106},[92,1588,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1590,1591,1593],{"class":94,"line":112},[92,1592,116],{"class":115},[92,1594,120],{"class":119},[92,1596,1597,1600,1603,1605],{"class":94,"line":123},[92,1598,1599],{"class":115},"  unsigned",[92,1601,1602],{"class":119}," a : ",[92,1604,1418],{"class":256},[92,1606,477],{"class":119},[92,1608,1609,1611,1614,1616],{"class":94,"line":132},[92,1610,1599],{"class":115},[92,1612,1613],{"class":119}," : ",[92,1615,453],{"class":256},[92,1617,477],{"class":119},[92,1619,1620,1622,1625,1628],{"class":94,"line":141},[92,1621,1599],{"class":115},[92,1623,1624],{"class":119}," b : ",[92,1626,1627],{"class":256},"4",[92,1629,477],{"class":119},[92,1631,1632],{"class":94,"line":149},[92,1633,152],{"class":119},[92,1635,1636],{"class":94,"line":155},[92,1637,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1639,1640],{"class":94,"line":160},[92,1641,164],{"class":163},[92,1643,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672],{"class":94,"line":167},[92,1645,170],{"class":98},[92,1647,173],{"class":115},[92,1649,177],{"class":176},[92,1651,180],{"class":119},[92,1653,183],{"class":115},[92,1655,186],{"class":98},[92,1657,190],{"class":189},[92,1659,193],{"class":119},[92,1661,183],{"class":115},[92,1663,186],{"class":98},[92,1665,200],{"class":189},[92,1667,193],{"class":119},[92,1669,205],{"class":115},[92,1671,208],{"class":189},[92,1673,211],{"class":119},[92,1675,1676],{"class":94,"line":214},[92,1677,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1679,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692],{"class":94,"line":219},[92,1681,183],{"class":115},[92,1683,224],{"class":176},[92,1685,180],{"class":119},[92,1687,183],{"class":115},[92,1689,186],{"class":98},[92,1691,233],{"class":189},[92,1693,236],{"class":119},[92,1695,1696,1698,1700,1702,1705,1707,1709,1711,1713,1716],{"class":94,"line":239},[92,1697,242],{"class":115},[92,1699,245],{"class":119},[92,1701,248],{"class":98},[92,1703,1704],{"class":119}," { .a ",[92,1706,248],{"class":98},[92,1708,257],{"class":256},[92,1710,260],{"class":119},[92,1712,248],{"class":98},[92,1714,1715],{"class":256}," 10",[92,1717,1718],{"class":119}," };\n",[92,1720,1721,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731],{"class":94,"line":278},[92,1722,281],{"class":176},[92,1724,284],{"class":119},[92,1726,287],{"class":98},[92,1728,290],{"class":119},[92,1730,293],{"class":98},[92,1732,296],{"class":119},[92,1734,1735],{"class":94,"line":299},[92,1736,302],{"class":119},[66,1738,537],{"id":1739},"compliant-solution-1",[39,1741,1742,1743,1745],{},"Padding bits can be explicitly declared, allowing the programmer to specify the value of those bits. When explicitly declaring all of the padding bits, any unnamed bit-fields of length ",[74,1744,453],{}," must be removed from the structure because the explicit padding bits ensure that no further bit-fields will be packed into the same storage unit.",[79,1747,1748],{"quality":543},[83,1749,1751],{"className":546,"code":1750,"language":548,"meta":88,"style":88},"#include \u003Cassert.h>\n#include \u003Climits.h>\n#include \u003Cstddef.h>\n\nstruct test {\n  unsigned a : 1;\n  unsigned padding1 : sizeof(unsigned) * CHAR_BIT - 1;\n  unsigned b : 4;\n  unsigned padding2 : sizeof(unsigned) * CHAR_BIT - 4;\n};\n\u002F* Ensure that we have added the correct number of padding bits. *\u002F\nstatic_assert(sizeof(struct test) == sizeof(unsigned) * 2,\n              \"Incorrect number of padding bits for type: unsigned\");\n\n\u002F* Safely copy bytes to user space *\u002F\nextern int copy_to_user(void *dest, void *src, size_t size);\n\nvoid do_stuff(void *usr_buf) {\n  struct test arg = { .a = 1, .padding1 = 0, .b = 10, .padding2 = 0 };\n  copy_to_user(usr_buf, &arg, sizeof(arg));\n}\n",[74,1752,1753,1763,1774,1784,1788,1792,1804,1828,1840,1861,1865,1870,1894,1901,1905,1909,1931,1935,1949,1983,1997],{"__ignoreMap":88},[92,1754,1755,1757,1759,1761],{"class":94,"line":95},[92,1756,555],{"class":119},[92,1758,558],{"class":98},[92,1760,924],{"class":119},[92,1762,564],{"class":98},[92,1764,1765,1767,1769,1772],{"class":94,"line":106},[92,1766,555],{"class":119},[92,1768,558],{"class":98},[92,1770,1771],{"class":119},"limits.h",[92,1773,564],{"class":98},[92,1775,1776,1778,1780,1782],{"class":94,"line":112},[92,1777,555],{"class":119},[92,1779,558],{"class":98},[92,1781,561],{"class":119},[92,1783,564],{"class":98},[92,1785,1786],{"class":94,"line":123},[92,1787,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1789,1790],{"class":94,"line":132},[92,1791,585],{"class":119},[92,1793,1794,1797,1800,1802],{"class":94,"line":141},[92,1795,1796],{"class":119},"  unsigned a ",[92,1798,1799],{"class":98},":",[92,1801,257],{"class":256},[92,1803,477],{"class":119},[92,1805,1806,1809,1811,1813,1816,1819,1822,1824,1826],{"class":94,"line":149},[92,1807,1808],{"class":119},"  unsigned padding1 ",[92,1810,1799],{"class":98},[92,1812,762],{"class":176},[92,1814,1815],{"class":119},"(unsigned) ",[92,1817,1818],{"class":98},"*",[92,1820,1821],{"class":119}," CHAR_BIT ",[92,1823,857],{"class":98},[92,1825,257],{"class":256},[92,1827,477],{"class":119},[92,1829,1830,1833,1835,1838],{"class":94,"line":155},[92,1831,1832],{"class":119},"  unsigned b ",[92,1834,1799],{"class":98},[92,1836,1837],{"class":256}," 4",[92,1839,477],{"class":119},[92,1841,1842,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853,1855,1857,1859],{"class":94,"line":160},[92,1843,1844],{"class":119},"  unsigned padding2 ",[92,1846,1799],{"class":98},[92,1848,762],{"class":176},[92,1850,1815],{"class":119},[92,1852,1818],{"class":98},[92,1854,1821],{"class":119},[92,1856,857],{"class":98},[92,1858,1837],{"class":256},[92,1860,477],{"class":119},[92,1862,1863],{"class":94,"line":167},[92,1864,152],{"class":119},[92,1866,1867],{"class":94,"line":214},[92,1868,1869],{"class":163},"\u002F* Ensure that we have added the correct number of padding bits. *\u002F\n",[92,1871,1872,1875,1877,1879,1881,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892],{"class":94,"line":219},[92,1873,1874],{"class":176},"static_assert",[92,1876,180],{"class":119},[92,1878,293],{"class":176},[92,1880,1080],{"class":119},[92,1882,1883],{"class":98},"==",[92,1885,762],{"class":176},[92,1887,1815],{"class":119},[92,1889,1818],{"class":98},[92,1891,265],{"class":256},[92,1893,1057],{"class":119},[92,1895,1896,1899],{"class":94,"line":239},[92,1897,1898],{"class":102},"              \"Incorrect number of padding bits for type: unsigned\"",[92,1900,211],{"class":119},[92,1902,1903],{"class":94,"line":278},[92,1904,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1906,1907],{"class":94,"line":299},[92,1908,164],{"class":163},[92,1910,1911,1913,1915,1917,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929],{"class":94,"line":441},[92,1912,622],{"class":119},[92,1914,625],{"class":115},[92,1916,177],{"class":176},[92,1918,180],{"class":119},[92,1920,183],{"class":115},[92,1922,186],{"class":98},[92,1924,636],{"class":119},[92,1926,183],{"class":115},[92,1928,186],{"class":98},[92,1930,643],{"class":119},[92,1932,1933],{"class":94,"line":462},[92,1934,109],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[92,1936,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1947],{"class":94,"line":467},[92,1938,183],{"class":115},[92,1940,224],{"class":176},[92,1942,180],{"class":119},[92,1944,183],{"class":115},[92,1946,186],{"class":98},[92,1948,662],{"class":119},[92,1950,1951,1953,1955,1957,1959,1961,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1977,1979,1981],{"class":94,"line":480},[92,1952,1111],{"class":119},[92,1954,248],{"class":98},[92,1956,1704],{"class":119},[92,1958,248],{"class":98},[92,1960,257],{"class":256},[92,1962,1963],{"class":119},", .padding1 ",[92,1965,248],{"class":98},[92,1967,720],{"class":256},[92,1969,260],{"class":119},[92,1971,248],{"class":98},[92,1973,1715],{"class":256},[92,1975,1976],{"class":119},", .padding2 ",[92,1978,248],{"class":98},[92,1980,720],{"class":256},[92,1982,1718],{"class":119},[92,1984,1985,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995],{"class":94,"line":492},[92,1986,281],{"class":176},[92,1988,284],{"class":119},[92,1990,287],{"class":98},[92,1992,290],{"class":119},[92,1994,293],{"class":176},[92,1996,296],{"class":119},[92,1998,1999],{"class":94,"line":504},[92,2000,302],{"class":119},[39,2002,2003,2004,2006,2007,2009],{},"This solution is not portable, however, because it depends on the ",[43,2005,907],{"href":906}," and target memory architecture. The explicit insertion of padding bits into the ",[74,2008,116],{}," should ensure that no additional padding bits are added by the compiler. However, it is still necessary to validate these assumptions to ensure that the solution is correct for a particular implementation. For instance, the DEC Alpha is an example of a 64-bit architecture with 32-bit integers that allocates 64 bits to a storage unit.",[39,2011,2012,2013,2016,2017,2021],{},"In addition, this solution assumes that there are no integer padding bits in an ",[74,2014,2015],{},"  unsigned int "," .  The portable version of the width calculation from ",[43,2018,2020],{"href":2019},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint35-c","INT35-C. Use correct integer precisions"," cannot be used because the bit-field width must be an integer constant expression.",[39,2023,2024],{},"From this situation, it can be seen that special care must be taken because no solution to the bit-field padding issue will be 100% portable.",[39,2026,2027],{},"Risk Assessment",[39,2029,2030,2031,2035],{},"Padding units might contain sensitive data because the C Standard allows any padding to take ",[43,2032,2034],{"href":2033},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-unspecifiedvalue","unspecified values"," . A pointer to such a structure could be passed to other functions, causing information leakage.",[2037,2038,2039,2040,2039,2070],"table",{},"\n  ",[2041,2042,2043,2044,2039],"thead",{},"\n    ",[2045,2046,2047,2048,2047,2052,2047,2055,2047,2058,2047,2061,2047,2064,2047,2067,2043],"tr",{},"\n      ",[2049,2050,2051],"th",{},"Rule",[2049,2053,2054],{},"Severity",[2049,2056,2057],{},"Likelihood",[2049,2059,2060],{},"Detectable",[2049,2062,2063],{},"Repairable",[2049,2065,2066],{},"Priority",[2049,2068,2069],{},"Level",[2071,2072,2043,2073,2039],"tbody",{},[2045,2074,2047,2075,2047,2079,2047,2082,2047,2085,2047,2088,2047,2091,2047,2098,2043],{},[2076,2077,2078],"td",{},"DCL39-C",[2076,2080,2081],{},"Low",[2076,2083,2084],{},"Unlikely",[2076,2086,2087],{},"No",[2076,2089,2090],{},"Yes",[2076,2092,2094],{"style":2093},"color: #27ae60;",[2095,2096,2097],"b",{},"P2",[2076,2099,2100],{"style":2093},[2095,2101,2102],{},"L3",[2104,2105,2107],"h3",{"id":2106},"automated-detection","Automated Detection",[2037,2109,2112],{"className":2110},[2111],"wrapped",[2071,2113,2114,2138,2164,2190,2217,2251,2278,2303,2331,2359,2379],{},[2045,2115,2118,2123,2128,2133],{"className":2116},[2117],"header",[2049,2119,2120],{},[39,2121,2122],{},"Tool",[2049,2124,2125],{},[39,2126,2127],{},"Version",[2049,2129,2130],{},[39,2131,2132],{},"Checker",[2049,2134,2135],{},[39,2136,2137],{},"Description",[2045,2139,2142,2148,2156,2161],{"className":2140},[2141],"odd",[2076,2143,2144],{},[43,2145,2147],{"href":2146},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fastree","Astrée",[2076,2149,2150],{},[2151,2152,2155],"div",{"className":2153},[2154],"content-wrapper","25.10",[2076,2157,2158],{},[889,2159,2160],{},"function-argument-with-padding",[2076,2162,2163],{},"Partially checked",[2045,2165,2168,2174,2182,2187],{"className":2166},[2167],"even",[2076,2169,2170],{},[43,2171,2173],{"href":2172},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Faxivion-bauhaus-suite","Axivion Bauhaus Suite",[2076,2175,2176],{},[2151,2177,2179],{"className":2178},[2154],[39,2180,2181],{},"7.2.0",[2076,2183,2184],{},[889,2185,2186],{},"CertC-DCL39",[2076,2188,2189],{},"Detects composite structures with padding, in particular those passed to trust boundary routines.",[2045,2191,2193,2199,2205,2212],{"className":2192},[2141],[2076,2194,2195],{},[43,2196,2198],{"href":2197},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fcodesonar","CodeSonar",[2076,2200,2201],{},[2151,2202,2204],{"className":2203},[2154],"9.1p0",[2076,2206,2207],{},[39,2208,2209],{},[889,2210,2211],{},"MISC.PADDING.POTB",[2076,2213,2214],{},[39,2215,2216],{},"Padding Passed Across a Trust Boundary",[2045,2218,2220,2227,2240,2247],{"className":2219},[2167],[2076,2221,2223],{"style":2222},"text-align: left;",[43,2224,2226],{"href":2225},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fcppcheck-premium","Cppcheck Premium",[2076,2228,2229,2230,2233],{"style":2222},"24.11.0",[2231,2232],"br",{},[2151,2234,2236],{"className":2235},[2154],[39,2237,2238],{},[2231,2239],{},[2076,2241,2242],{"style":2222},[39,2243,2244],{},[889,2245,2246],{},"premium-cert-dcl39-c",[2076,2248,2249],{"style":2222},[2231,2250],{},[2045,2252,2254,2260,2268,2275],{"className":2253},[2141],[2076,2255,2256],{},[43,2257,2259],{"href":2258},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fhelix-qac","Helix QAC",[2076,2261,2262],{},[2151,2263,2265],{"className":2264},[2154],[39,2266,2267],{},"2025.2",[2076,2269,2270],{},[39,2271,2272],{},[889,2273,2274],{},"DF4941, DF4942, DF4943",[2076,2276,2277],{},"Fully implemented",[2045,2279,2281,2287,2292,2301],{"className":2280},[2167],[2076,2282,2283],{},[43,2284,2286],{"href":2285},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fklocwork","Klocwork",[2076,2288,2289],{},[2151,2290,2267],{"className":2291},[2154],[2076,2293,2294,2297,2299],{},[889,2295,2296],{},"PORTING.STORAGE.STRUCT",[2231,2298],{},[2231,2300],{},[2076,2302,2277],{},[2045,2304,2306,2312,2319,2326],{"className":2305},[2141],[2076,2307,2308],{},[43,2309,2311],{"href":2310},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fparasoft","Parasoft C\u002FC++test",[2076,2313,2314],{},[2151,2315,2317],{"className":2316},[2154],[39,2318,2267],{},[2076,2320,2321],{},[889,2322,2323,2324],{},"CERT_C-DCL39-a",[2231,2325],{},[2076,2327,2328],{},[39,2329,2330],{},"A pointer to a structure should not be passed to a function that can copy data to the user space",[2045,2332,2334,2342,2350,2356],{"className":2333},[2167],[2076,2335,2336],{},[39,2337,2338],{},[43,2339,2341],{"href":2340},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fpolyspace-bug-finder","Polyspace Bug Finder",[2076,2343,2344],{},[2151,2345,2347],{"className":2346},[2154],[39,2348,2349],{},"R2025b",[2076,2351,2352],{},[43,2353,2355],{"href":2354},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mathworks.com\u002Fhelp\u002Fbugfinder\u002Fref\u002Fcertcruledcl39c.html","CERT C: Rule DCL39-C",[2076,2357,2358],{},"Checks for information leak via structure padding",[2045,2360,2362,2368,2373,2377],{"className":2361},[2141],[2076,2363,2364],{},[43,2365,2367],{"href":2366},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Frulechecker","RuleChecker",[2076,2369,2370],{},[2151,2371,2155],{"className":2372},[2154],[2076,2374,2375],{},[889,2376,2160],{},[2076,2378,2163],{},[2045,2380,2382,2388,2396,2401],{"className":2381},[2167],[2076,2383,2384],{},[43,2385,2387],{"href":2386},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fsecurity-reviewer-static-reviewer","Security Reviewer - Static Reviewer",[2076,2389,2390],{},[2151,2391,2393],{"className":2392},[2154],[39,2394,2395],{},"6.02",[2076,2397,2398],{},[889,2399,2400],{},"C20, C21,C22, C23, C25",[2076,2402,2277],{},[2104,2404,2406],{"id":2405},"related-vulnerabilities","Related Vulnerabilities",[39,2408,2409,2410,2415,2416,2420,2421,2424,2425,2428],{},"Numerous vulnerabilities in the Linux Kernel have resulted from violations of this rule. ",[43,2411,2414],{"href":2412,"rel":2413},"http:\u002F\u002Fcve.mitre.org\u002Fcgi-bin\u002Fcvename.cgi?name=CVE-2010-4083",[1377],"CVE-2010-4083"," describes a ",[43,2417,2419],{"href":2418},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-vulnerability","vulnerability"," in which the ",[74,2422,2423],{},"semctl()"," system call allows unprivileged users to read uninitialized kernel stack memory because various fields of a ",[74,2426,2427],{},"  semid_ds struct "," declared on the stack are not altered or zeroed before being copied back to the user.",[39,2430,2431,2436,2437,2440,2441,2444,2445,2449],{},[43,2432,2435],{"href":2433,"rel":2434},"http:\u002F\u002Fcve.mitre.org\u002Fcgi-bin\u002Fcvename.cgi?name=CVE-2010-3881",[1377],"CVE-2010-3881"," describes a vulnerability in which structure padding and reserved fields in certain data structures in ",[74,2438,2439],{},"QEMU-KVM"," were not initialized properly before being copied to user space. A privileged host user with access to ",[74,2442,2443],{},"\u002Fdev\u002Fkvm"," could use this ",[43,2446,2448],{"href":2447},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-securityflaw","flaw"," to leak kernel stack memory to user space.",[39,2451,2452,2457,2458,2461],{},[43,2453,2456],{"href":2454,"rel":2455},"http:\u002F\u002Fcve.mitre.org\u002Fcgi-bin\u002Fcvename.cgi?name=CVE-2010-3477",[1377],"CVE-2010-3477"," describes a kernel information leak in ",[74,2459,2460],{},"act_police"," where incorrectly initialized structures in the traffic-control dump code may allow the disclosure of kernel memory to user space applications.",[39,2463,2464,2465,2468,2469,2474],{},"Search for ",[43,2466,2467],{"href":2418},"vulnerabilities"," resulting from the violation of this rule on the ",[43,2470,2473],{"href":2471,"rel":2472},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kb.cert.org\u002Fvulnotes\u002Fbymetric?searchview&query=FIELD+KEYWORDS+contains+DCL39-C",[1377],"CERT website"," .",[66,2476,2478],{"id":2477},"related-guidelines","Related Guidelines",[39,2480,2481,2485],{},[43,2482,2484],{"href":2483},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fhow-this-coding-standard-is-organized#HowthisCodingStandardisOrganized-RelatedGuidelines","Key here"," (explains table format and definitions)",[2037,2487,2488,2498],{},[2041,2489,2490],{},[2045,2491,2492,2494,2496],{},[2049,2493],{},[2049,2495],{},[2049,2497],{},[2071,2499,2500,2511],{},[2045,2501,2502,2505,2508],{},[2076,2503,2504],{},"Taxonomy",[2076,2506,2507],{},"Taxonomy item",[2076,2509,2510],{},"Relationship",[2045,2512,2513,2518,2522],{},[2076,2514,2515],{},[43,2516,2517],{"href":17},"CERT C Secure Coding Standard",[2076,2519,2520],{},[43,2521,1200],{"href":1199},[2076,2523,2524],{},"Prior to 2018-01-12: CERT: Unspecified 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It specifies that non-bit-field members are aligned in an implementation-defined manner and that there may be padding within or at the end of a structure. Furthermore, initializing the members of the structure does not guarantee initialization of the padding bytes. The C Standard, 6.2.6.1, paragraph 6 [ ISO\u002FIEC 9899:2024 ], states","md",{"tags":2623},[2624,2625,2626,2627,2628,2629],"in-cpp","nptc","nptc-intent","android-applicable","rule","dcl","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl39-c",{"title":30,"description":2620},"4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F7.dcl39-c","1-DkzejsuYuziE-8Ji8f3WV--0TsjKrMyfvAp-TdjBQ",[2635,2638],{"title":2636,"path":2582,"stem":2637,"children":-1},"DCL38-C. Use the correct syntax when declaring a flexible array member","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F6.dcl38-c",{"title":2639,"path":2596,"stem":2640,"children":-1},"DCL40-C. Do not create incompatible declarations of the same function or object","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F8.dcl40-c",[2642],{"title":2643,"path":2644,"stem":2645,"children":2646},"SEI CERT C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F01.index",[2647,2648,2720,3299,3577,3591,3595,3599,3603,4416],{"title":2643,"path":2644,"stem":2645},{"title":2649,"path":2650,"stem":2651,"children":2652},"Front Matter","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F1.index",[2653,2654],{"title":2649,"path":2650,"stem":2651},{"title":2655,"path":2656,"stem":2657,"children":2658},"Introduction","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F01.index",[2659,2660,2664,2668,2672,2676,2680,2684,2688,2692,2696,2700,2704,2708,2712,2716],{"title":2655,"path":2656,"stem":2657},{"title":2661,"path":2662,"stem":2663},"Scope","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fscope","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F01.scope",{"title":2665,"path":2666,"stem":2667},"Audience","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Faudience","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F02.audience",{"title":2669,"path":2670,"stem":2671},"How this Coding Standard is Organized","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fhow-this-coding-standard-is-organized","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F03.how-this-coding-standard-is-organized",{"title":2673,"path":2674,"stem":2675},"History","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fhistory","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F04.history",{"title":2677,"path":2678,"stem":2679},"ISO\u002FIEC TS 17961 C Secure Coding Rules","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fisoiec-ts-17961-c-secure-coding-rules","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F05.isoiec-ts-17961-c-secure-coding-rules",{"title":2681,"path":2682,"stem":2683},"Tool Selection and Validation","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Ftool-selection-and-validation","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F06.tool-selection-and-validation",{"title":2685,"path":2686,"stem":2687},"Taint Analysis","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Ftaint-analysis","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F07.taint-analysis",{"title":2689,"path":2690,"stem":2691},"Rules versus Recommendations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Frules-versus-recommendations","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F08.rules-versus-recommendations",{"title":2693,"path":2694,"stem":2695},"Conformance Testing","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fconformance-testing","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F09.conformance-testing",{"title":2697,"path":2698,"stem":2699},"Development Process","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fdevelopment-process","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F10.development-process",{"title":2701,"path":2702,"stem":2703},"Usage","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fusage","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F11.usage",{"title":2705,"path":2706,"stem":2707},"System Qualities","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fsystem-qualities","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F12.system-qualities",{"title":2709,"path":2710,"stem":2711},"Automatically Generated Code","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fautomatically-generated-code","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F13.automatically-generated-code",{"title":2713,"path":2714,"stem":2715},"Government Regulations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fgovernment-regulations","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F14.government-regulations",{"title":2717,"path":2718,"stem":2719},"Acknowledgments","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Facknowledgments","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F02.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F15.acknowledgments",{"title":2721,"path":2722,"stem":2723,"children":2724},"Rules","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F01.index",[2725,2726,2730,2760,2790,2852,2881,2907,2929,2995,3021,3079,3111,3141,3151,3189,3259,3277],{"title":2721,"path":2722,"stem":2723},{"title":2727,"path":2728,"stem":2729},"Application Programming Interfaces 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Do not form or use out-of-bounds pointers or array subscripts","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Farrays-arr\u002Farr30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F2.arr30-c",{"title":2741,"path":2742,"stem":2743},"ARR32-C. Ensure size arguments for variable length arrays are in a valid range","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Farrays-arr\u002Farr32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F3.arr32-c",{"title":2745,"path":2746,"stem":2747},"ARR36-C. Do not subtract or compare two pointers that do not refer to the same array","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Farrays-arr\u002Farr36-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F4.arr36-c",{"title":2749,"path":2750,"stem":2751},"ARR37-C. Do not add or subtract an integer to a pointer to a non-array object","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Farrays-arr\u002Farr37-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F5.arr37-c",{"title":2753,"path":2754,"stem":2755},"ARR38-C. Guarantee that library functions do not form invalid pointers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Farrays-arr\u002Farr38-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F6.arr38-c",{"title":2757,"path":2758,"stem":2759},"ARR39-C. Do not add or subtract a scaled integer to a pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Farrays-arr\u002Farr39-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F7.arr39-c",{"title":2761,"path":2762,"stem":2763,"children":2764},"Characters and Strings (STR)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F1.index",[2765,2766,2770,2774,2778,2782,2786],{"title":2761,"path":2762,"stem":2763},{"title":2767,"path":2768,"stem":2769},"STR30-C. Do not attempt to modify string literals","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F2.str30-c",{"title":2771,"path":2772,"stem":2773},"STR31-C. Guarantee that storage for strings has sufficient space for character data and the null terminator","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr31-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F3.str31-c",{"title":2775,"path":2776,"stem":2777},"STR32-C. Do not pass a non-null-terminated character sequence to a library function that expects a string","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F4.str32-c",{"title":2779,"path":2780,"stem":2781},"STR34-C. Cast characters to unsigned char before converting to larger integer sizes","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F5.str34-c",{"title":2783,"path":2784,"stem":2785},"STR37-C. Arguments to character-handling functions must be representable as an unsigned char","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr37-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F6.str37-c",{"title":2787,"path":2788,"stem":2789},"STR38-C. Do not confuse narrow and wide character strings and functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr38-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F7.str38-c",{"title":2791,"path":2792,"stem":2793,"children":2794},"Concurrency (CON)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F01.index",[2795,2796,2800,2804,2808,2812,2816,2820,2824,2828,2832,2836,2840,2844,2848],{"title":2791,"path":2792,"stem":2793},{"title":2797,"path":2798,"stem":2799},"CON30-C. Clean up thread-specific storage","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F02.con30-c",{"title":2801,"path":2802,"stem":2803},"CON31-C. Do not destroy a mutex while it is locked","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon31-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F03.con31-c",{"title":2805,"path":2806,"stem":2807},"CON32-C. Prevent data races when accessing bit-fields from multiple threads","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F04.con32-c",{"title":2809,"path":2810,"stem":2811},"CON33-C. Avoid race conditions when using library functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon33-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F05.con33-c",{"title":2813,"path":2814,"stem":2815},"CON34-C. Declare objects shared between threads with appropriate storage durations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F06.con34-c",{"title":2817,"path":2818,"stem":2819},"CON35-C. Avoid deadlock by locking in a predefined order","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon35-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F07.con35-c",{"title":2821,"path":2822,"stem":2823},"CON36-C. Wrap functions that can spuriously wake up in a loop","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon36-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F08.con36-c",{"title":2825,"path":2826,"stem":2827},"CON37-C. Do not call signal() in a multithreaded program","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon37-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F09.con37-c",{"title":2829,"path":2830,"stem":2831},"CON38-C. Preserve thread safety and liveness when using condition variables","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon38-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F10.con38-c",{"title":2833,"path":2834,"stem":2835},"CON39-C. Do not join or detach a thread that was previously joined or detached","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon39-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F11.con39-c",{"title":2837,"path":2838,"stem":2839},"CON40-C. Do not refer to an atomic variable twice in an expression","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon40-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F12.con40-c",{"title":2841,"path":2842,"stem":2843},"CON41-C. Wrap functions that can fail spuriously in a loop","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon41-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F13.con41-c",{"title":2845,"path":2846,"stem":2847},"CON42-C. Don't allow attackers to influence environment variables that control concurrency parameters","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon42-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F14.con42-c",{"title":2849,"path":2850,"stem":2851},"CON43-C. Do not allow data races in multithreaded code","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon43-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F15.con43-c",{"title":2853,"path":2854,"stem":2855,"children":2856},"Declarations and Initialization (DCL)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F1.index",[2857,2858,2862,2866,2870,2874,2875,2876,2877],{"title":2853,"path":2854,"stem":2855},{"title":2859,"path":2860,"stem":2861},"DCL30-C. Declare objects with appropriate storage durations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F2.dcl30-c",{"title":2863,"path":2864,"stem":2865},"DCL31-C. Declare identifiers before using them","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl31-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F3.dcl31-c",{"title":2867,"path":2868,"stem":2869},"DCL36-C. Do not declare an identifier with conflicting linkage classifications","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl36-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F4.dcl36-c",{"title":2871,"path":2872,"stem":2873},"DCL37-C. Do not declare or define a reserved identifier","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl37-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F5.dcl37-c",{"title":2636,"path":2582,"stem":2637},{"title":30,"path":2630,"stem":2632},{"title":2639,"path":2596,"stem":2640},{"title":2878,"path":2879,"stem":2880},"DCL41-C. Do not declare variables inside a switch statement before the first case label","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl41-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F9.dcl41-c",{"title":2882,"path":2883,"stem":2884,"children":2885},"Environment (ENV)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fenvironment-env","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F07.environment-env\u002F1.index",[2886,2887,2891,2895,2899,2903],{"title":2882,"path":2883,"stem":2884},{"title":2888,"path":2889,"stem":2890},"ENV30-C. Do not modify the object referenced by the return value of certain functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fenvironment-env\u002Fenv30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F07.environment-env\u002F2.env30-c",{"title":2892,"path":2893,"stem":2894},"ENV31-C. Do not rely on an environment pointer following an operation that may invalidate it","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fenvironment-env\u002Fenv31-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F07.environment-env\u002F3.env31-c",{"title":2896,"path":2897,"stem":2898},"ENV32-C. All exit handlers must return normally","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fenvironment-env\u002Fenv32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F07.environment-env\u002F4.env32-c",{"title":2900,"path":2901,"stem":2902},"ENV33-C. Do not call system()","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fenvironment-env\u002Fenv33-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F07.environment-env\u002F5.env33-c",{"title":2904,"path":2905,"stem":2906},"ENV34-C. Do not store pointers returned by certain functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fenvironment-env\u002Fenv34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F07.environment-env\u002F6.env34-c",{"title":2908,"path":2909,"stem":2910,"children":2911},"Error Handling (ERR)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ferror-handling-err","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F1.index",[2912,2913,2917,2921,2925],{"title":2908,"path":2909,"stem":2910},{"title":2914,"path":2915,"stem":2916},"ERR30-C. Take care when reading errno","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F2.err30-c",{"title":2918,"path":2919,"stem":2920},"ERR32-C. Do not rely on indeterminate values of errno","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F3.err32-c",{"title":2922,"path":2923,"stem":2924},"ERR33-C. Detect and handle standard library errors","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr33-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F4.err33-c",{"title":2926,"path":2927,"stem":2928},"ERR34-C. Detect errors when converting a string to a number","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F5.err34-c",{"title":2930,"path":2931,"stem":2932,"children":2933},"Expressions (EXP)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F01.index",[2934,2935,2939,2943,2947,2951,2955,2959,2963,2967,2971,2975,2979,2983,2987,2991],{"title":2930,"path":2931,"stem":2932},{"title":2936,"path":2937,"stem":2938},"EXP30-C. Do not depend on the order of evaluation for side effects","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F02.exp30-c",{"title":2940,"path":2941,"stem":2942},"EXP32-C. Do not access a volatile object through a nonvolatile reference","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F03.exp32-c",{"title":2944,"path":2945,"stem":2946},"EXP33-C. Do not read uninitialized memory","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp33-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F04.exp33-c",{"title":2948,"path":2949,"stem":2950},"EXP34-C. Do not dereference null pointers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F05.exp34-c",{"title":2952,"path":2953,"stem":2954},"EXP35-C. Do not modify objects with temporary lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp35-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F06.exp35-c",{"title":2956,"path":2957,"stem":2958},"EXP36-C. Do not cast pointers into more strictly aligned pointer types","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp36-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F07.exp36-c",{"title":2960,"path":2961,"stem":2962},"EXP37-C. Call functions with the correct number and type of arguments","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp37-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F08.exp37-c",{"title":2964,"path":2965,"stem":2966},"EXP39-C. Do not access a variable through a pointer of an incompatible type","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp39-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F09.exp39-c",{"title":2968,"path":2969,"stem":2970},"EXP40-C. Do not modify constant objects","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp40-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F10.exp40-c",{"title":2972,"path":2973,"stem":2974},"EXP42-C. Do not compare padding data","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp42-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F11.exp42-c",{"title":2976,"path":2977,"stem":2978},"EXP43-C. Avoid undefined behavior when using restrict-qualified pointers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp43-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F12.exp43-c",{"title":2980,"path":2981,"stem":2982},"EXP44-C. Do not rely on side effects in operands to sizeof, _Alignof, or _Generic","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp44-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F13.exp44-c",{"title":2984,"path":2985,"stem":2986},"EXP45-C. Do not perform assignments in selection statements","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp45-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F14.exp45-c",{"title":2988,"path":2989,"stem":2990},"EXP46-C. Do not use a bitwise operator with a Boolean-like operand","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp46-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F15.exp46-c",{"title":2992,"path":2993,"stem":2994},"EXP47-C. Do not call va_arg with an argument of the incorrect type","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp47-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F16.exp47-c",{"title":2996,"path":2997,"stem":2998,"children":2999},"Floating Point (FLP)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ffloating-point-flp","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F1.index",[3000,3001,3005,3009,3013,3017],{"title":2996,"path":2997,"stem":2998},{"title":3002,"path":3003,"stem":3004},"FLP30-C. Do not use floating-point variables as loop counters","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F2.flp30-c",{"title":3006,"path":3007,"stem":3008},"FLP32-C. Prevent or detect domain and range errors in math functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F3.flp32-c",{"title":3010,"path":3011,"stem":3012},"FLP34-C. Ensure that floating-point conversions are within range of the new type","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F4.flp34-c",{"title":3014,"path":3015,"stem":3016},"FLP36-C. Preserve precision when converting integral values to floating-point type","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp36-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F5.flp36-c",{"title":3018,"path":3019,"stem":3020},"FLP37-C. Do not use object representations to compare floating-point values","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp37-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F6.flp37-c",{"title":3022,"path":3023,"stem":3024,"children":3025},"Input Output (FIO)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F01.index",[3026,3027,3031,3035,3039,3043,3047,3051,3055,3059,3063,3067,3071,3075],{"title":3022,"path":3023,"stem":3024},{"title":3028,"path":3029,"stem":3030},"FIO30-C. Exclude user input from format strings","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F02.fio30-c",{"title":3032,"path":3033,"stem":3034},"FIO32-C. Do not perform operations on devices that are only appropriate for files","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F03.fio32-c",{"title":3036,"path":3037,"stem":3038},"FIO34-C. Distinguish between characters read from a file and EOF or WEOF","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F04.fio34-c",{"title":3040,"path":3041,"stem":3042},"FIO37-C. Do not assume that fgets() or fgetws() returns a nonempty string when successful","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio37-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F05.fio37-c",{"title":3044,"path":3045,"stem":3046},"FIO38-C. Do not copy a FILE object","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio38-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F06.fio38-c",{"title":3048,"path":3049,"stem":3050},"FIO39-C. Do not alternately input and output from a stream without an intervening flush or positioning call","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio39-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F07.fio39-c",{"title":3052,"path":3053,"stem":3054},"FIO40-C. Reset strings on fgets() or fgetws() failure","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio40-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F08.fio40-c",{"title":3056,"path":3057,"stem":3058},"FIO41-C. Do not call getc(), putc(), getwc(), or putwc() with a stream argument that has side effects","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio41-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F09.fio41-c",{"title":3060,"path":3061,"stem":3062},"FIO42-C. Close files when they are no longer needed","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio42-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F10.fio42-c",{"title":3064,"path":3065,"stem":3066},"FIO44-C. Only use values for fsetpos() that are returned from fgetpos()","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio44-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F11.fio44-c",{"title":3068,"path":3069,"stem":3070},"FIO45-C. Avoid TOCTOU race conditions while accessing files","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio45-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F12.fio45-c",{"title":3072,"path":3073,"stem":3074},"FIO46-C. Do not access a closed file","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio46-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F13.fio46-c",{"title":3076,"path":3077,"stem":3078},"FIO47-C. Use valid format strings","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio47-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F14.fio47-c",{"title":3080,"path":3081,"stem":3082,"children":3083},"Integers (INT)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F12.integers-int\u002F1.index",[3084,3085,3089,3093,3097,3101,3105,3107],{"title":3080,"path":3081,"stem":3082},{"title":3086,"path":3087,"stem":3088},"INT30-C. Ensure that unsigned integer operations do not wrap","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F12.integers-int\u002F2.int30-c",{"title":3090,"path":3091,"stem":3092},"INT31-C. Ensure that integer conversions do not result in lost or misinterpreted data","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint31-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F12.integers-int\u002F3.int31-c",{"title":3094,"path":3095,"stem":3096},"INT32-C. Ensure that operations on signed integers do not result in overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F12.integers-int\u002F4.int32-c",{"title":3098,"path":3099,"stem":3100},"INT33-C. Ensure that division and remainder operations do not result in divide-by-zero errors","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint33-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F12.integers-int\u002F5.int33-c",{"title":3102,"path":3103,"stem":3104},"INT34-C. Do not shift an expression by a negative number of bits or by greater than or equal to the number of bits that exist in the operand","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F12.integers-int\u002F6.int34-c",{"title":2020,"path":2019,"stem":3106},"4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F12.integers-int\u002F7.int35-c",{"title":3108,"path":3109,"stem":3110},"INT36-C. Converting a pointer to integer or integer to pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint36-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F12.integers-int\u002F8.int36-c",{"title":3112,"path":3113,"stem":3114,"children":3115},"Memory Management (MEM)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F1.index",[3116,3117,3121,3125,3129,3133,3137],{"title":3112,"path":3113,"stem":3114},{"title":3118,"path":3119,"stem":3120},"MEM30-C. Do not access freed memory","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F2.mem30-c",{"title":3122,"path":3123,"stem":3124},"MEM31-C. Free dynamically allocated memory when no longer needed","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem31-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F3.mem31-c",{"title":3126,"path":3127,"stem":3128},"MEM33-C. Allocate and copy structures containing a flexible array member dynamically","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem33-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F4.mem33-c",{"title":3130,"path":3131,"stem":3132},"MEM34-C. Only free memory allocated dynamically","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F5.mem34-c",{"title":3134,"path":3135,"stem":3136},"MEM35-C. Allocate sufficient memory for an object","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem35-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F6.mem35-c",{"title":3138,"path":3139,"stem":3140},"MEM36-C. Do not modify the alignment of objects by calling realloc()","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem36-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F7.mem36-c",{"title":3142,"path":3143,"stem":3144,"children":3145},"Microsoft Windows (WIN)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmicrosoft-windows-win","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F14.microsoft-windows-win\u002F1.index",[3146,3147],{"title":3142,"path":3143,"stem":3144},{"title":3148,"path":3149,"stem":3150},"WIN30-C. Properly pair allocation and deallocation functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmicrosoft-windows-win\u002Fwin30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F14.microsoft-windows-win\u002F2.win30-c",{"title":3152,"path":3153,"stem":3154,"children":3155},"Miscellaneous (MSC)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F1.index",[3156,3157,3161,3165,3169,3173,3177,3181,3185],{"title":3152,"path":3153,"stem":3154},{"title":3158,"path":3159,"stem":3160},"MSC30-C. Do not use the rand() function for generating pseudorandom numbers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F2.msc30-c",{"title":3162,"path":3163,"stem":3164},"MSC32-C. Properly seed pseudorandom number generators","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F3.msc32-c",{"title":3166,"path":3167,"stem":3168},"MSC33-C. Do not pass invalid data to the asctime() function","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc33-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F4.msc33-c",{"title":3170,"path":3171,"stem":3172},"MSC37-C. Ensure that control never reaches the end of a non-void function","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc37-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F5.msc37-c",{"title":3174,"path":3175,"stem":3176},"MSC38-C. Do not treat a predefined identifier as an object if it might only be implemented as a macro","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc38-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F6.msc38-c",{"title":3178,"path":3179,"stem":3180},"MSC39-C. Do not call va_arg() on a va_list that has an indeterminate value","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc39-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F7.msc39-c",{"title":3182,"path":3183,"stem":3184},"MSC40-C. Do not violate constraints","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc40-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F8.msc40-c",{"title":3186,"path":3187,"stem":3188},"MSC41-C. Never hard code sensitive information","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc41-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F9.msc41-c",{"title":3190,"path":3191,"stem":3192,"children":3193},"POSIX (POS)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F01.index",[3194,3195,3199,3203,3207,3211,3215,3219,3223,3227,3231,3235,3239,3243,3247,3251,3255],{"title":3190,"path":3191,"stem":3192},{"title":3196,"path":3197,"stem":3198},"POS30-C. Use the readlink() function properly","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F02.pos30-c",{"title":3200,"path":3201,"stem":3202},"POS34-C. Do not call putenv() with a pointer to an automatic variable as the argument","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F03.pos34-c",{"title":3204,"path":3205,"stem":3206},"POS35-C. Avoid race conditions while checking for the existence of a symbolic link","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos35-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F04.pos35-c",{"title":3208,"path":3209,"stem":3210},"POS36-C. Observe correct revocation order while relinquishing privileges","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos36-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F05.pos36-c",{"title":3212,"path":3213,"stem":3214},"POS37-C. Ensure that privilege relinquishment is successful","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos37-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F06.pos37-c",{"title":3216,"path":3217,"stem":3218},"POS38-C. Beware of race conditions when using fork and file descriptors","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos38-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F07.pos38-c",{"title":3220,"path":3221,"stem":3222},"POS39-C. Use the correct byte ordering when transferring data between systems","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos39-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F08.pos39-c",{"title":3224,"path":3225,"stem":3226},"POS44-C. Do not use signals to terminate threads","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos44-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F09.pos44-c",{"title":3228,"path":3229,"stem":3230},"POS47-C. Do not use threads that can be canceled asynchronously","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos47-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F10.pos47-c",{"title":3232,"path":3233,"stem":3234},"POS48-C. Do not unlock or destroy another POSIX thread's mutex","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos48-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F11.pos48-c",{"title":3236,"path":3237,"stem":3238},"POS49-C. When data must be accessed by multiple threads, provide a mutex and guarantee no adjacent data is also accessed","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos49-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F12.pos49-c",{"title":3240,"path":3241,"stem":3242},"POS50-C. Declare objects shared between POSIX threads with appropriate storage durations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos50-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F13.pos50-c",{"title":3244,"path":3245,"stem":3246},"POS51-C. Avoid deadlock with POSIX threads by locking in predefined order","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos51-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F14.pos51-c",{"title":3248,"path":3249,"stem":3250},"POS52-C. Do not perform operations that can block while holding a POSIX lock","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos52-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F15.pos52-c",{"title":3252,"path":3253,"stem":3254},"POS53-C. Do not use more than one mutex for concurrent waiting operations on a condition variable","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos53-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F16.pos53-c",{"title":3256,"path":3257,"stem":3258},"POS54-C. Detect and handle POSIX library errors","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos54-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F17.pos54-c",{"title":3260,"path":3261,"stem":3262,"children":3263},"Preprocessor (PRE)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fpreprocessor-pre","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F1.index",[3264,3265,3269,3273],{"title":3260,"path":3261,"stem":3262},{"title":3266,"path":3267,"stem":3268},"PRE30-C. Do not create a universal character name through concatenation","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F2.pre30-c",{"title":3270,"path":3271,"stem":3272},"PRE31-C. Avoid side effects in arguments to unsafe macros","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre31-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F3.pre31-c",{"title":3274,"path":3275,"stem":3276},"PRE32-C. Do not use preprocessor directives in invocations of function-like macros","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre32-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F4.pre32-c",{"title":3278,"path":3279,"stem":3280,"children":3281},"Signals (SIG)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fsignals-sig","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F18.signals-sig\u002F1.index",[3282,3283,3287,3291,3295],{"title":3278,"path":3279,"stem":3280},{"title":3284,"path":3285,"stem":3286},"SIG30-C. Call only asynchronous-safe functions within signal handlers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fsignals-sig\u002Fsig30-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F18.signals-sig\u002F2.sig30-c",{"title":3288,"path":3289,"stem":3290},"SIG31-C. Do not access shared objects in signal handlers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fsignals-sig\u002Fsig31-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F18.signals-sig\u002F3.sig31-c",{"title":3292,"path":3293,"stem":3294},"SIG34-C. Do not call signal() from within interruptible signal handlers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fsignals-sig\u002Fsig34-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F18.signals-sig\u002F4.sig34-c",{"title":3296,"path":3297,"stem":3298},"SIG35-C. Do not return from a computational exception signal handler","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fsignals-sig\u002Fsig35-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F03.rules\u002F18.signals-sig\u002F5.sig35-c",{"title":3300,"path":3301,"stem":3302,"children":3303},"Back Matter","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F1.index",[3304,3305,3309,3313,3317,3321,3516,3573],{"title":3300,"path":3301,"stem":3302},{"title":3306,"path":3307,"stem":3308},"AA. Bibliography","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Faa-bibliography","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F2.aa-bibliography",{"title":3310,"path":3311,"stem":3312},"BB. Definitions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F3.bb-definitions",{"title":3314,"path":3315,"stem":3316},"CC. Undefined Behavior","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-undefined-behavior","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F4.cc-undefined-behavior",{"title":3318,"path":3319,"stem":3320},"DD. Unspecified Behavior","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fdd-unspecified-behavior","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F5.dd-unspecified-behavior",{"title":3322,"path":3323,"stem":3324,"children":3325},"EE. Analyzers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F6.ee-analyzers\u002F01.index",[3326,3327,3329,3333,3335,3339,3343,3347,3351,3355,3359,3363,3367,3369,3373,3377,3381,3385,3387,3391,3395,3399,3403,3407,3411,3415,3419,3421,3425,3427,3431,3435,3439,3442,3446,3450,3454,3456,3460,3464,3468,3472,3476,3480,3482,3486,3488,3492,3496,3500,3504,3508,3512],{"title":3322,"path":3323,"stem":3324},{"title":2147,"path":2146,"stem":3328},"4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F6.ee-analyzers\u002F02.astree",{"title":3330,"path":3331,"stem":3332},"Astrée_V","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fastree_v","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F6.ee-analyzers\u002F03.astree_v",{"title":2173,"path":2172,"stem":3334},"4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F6.ee-analyzers\u002F04.axivion-bauhaus-suite",{"title":3336,"path":3337,"stem":3338},"Axivion Bauhaus 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Risk Assessments","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fgg-risk-assessments","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F04.back-matter\u002F8.gg-risk-assessments",{"title":3578,"path":3579,"stem":3580,"children":3581},"Admin","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fadmin","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F05.admin\u002F1.index",[3582,3583,3587],{"title":3578,"path":3579,"stem":3580},{"title":3584,"path":3585,"stem":3586},"TODO List","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fadmin\u002Ftodo-list","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F05.admin\u002F2.todo-list",{"title":3588,"path":3589,"stem":3590},"Undefined and implementation-defined behaviors not deemed ruleworthy","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fadmin\u002Fundefined-and-implementation-defined-behaviors-not-deemed-ruleworthy","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F05.admin\u002F3.undefined-and-implementation-defined-behaviors-not-deemed-ruleworthy",{"title":3592,"path":3593,"stem":3594},"Coding Style Guidelines","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fcoding-style-guidelines","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F05.coding-style-guidelines",{"title":3596,"path":3597,"stem":3598},"Errata for SEI CERT C Coding Standard (2016 Edition)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Ferrata-for-sei-cert-c-coding-standard-2016-edition","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F06.errata-for-sei-cert-c-coding-standard-2016-edition",{"title":3600,"path":3601,"stem":3602},"Wiki Contents","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fwiki-contents","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F06.wiki-contents",{"title":3604,"path":3605,"stem":3606,"children":3607},"Recommendations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F01.index",[3608,3609,3650,3667,3712,3753,3848,3865,3898,3967,4004,4089,4154,4203,4228,4321,4342,4399],{"title":3604,"path":3605,"stem":3606},{"title":2727,"path":3610,"stem":3611,"children":3612},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F01.index",[3613,3614,3618,3622,3626,3630,3634,3638,3642,3646],{"title":2727,"path":3610,"stem":3611},{"title":3615,"path":3616,"stem":3617},"API00-C. Functions should validate their parameters","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api\u002Fapi00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F02.api00-c",{"title":3619,"path":3620,"stem":3621},"API01-C. Avoid laying out strings in memory directly before sensitive data","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api\u002Fapi01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F03.api01-c",{"title":3623,"path":3624,"stem":3625},"API02-C. Functions that read or write to or from an array should take an argument to specify the source or target size","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api\u002Fapi02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F04.api02-c",{"title":3627,"path":3628,"stem":3629},"API03-C. Create consistent interfaces and capabilities across related functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api\u002Fapi03-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F05.api03-c",{"title":3631,"path":3632,"stem":3633},"API04-C. Provide a consistent and usable error-checking mechanism","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api\u002Fapi04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F06.api04-c",{"title":3635,"path":3636,"stem":3637},"API05-C. Use conformant array parameters","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api\u002Fapi05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F07.api05-c",{"title":3639,"path":3640,"stem":3641},"API07-C. Enforce type safety","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api\u002Fapi07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F08.api07-c",{"title":3643,"path":3644,"stem":3645},"API09-C. Compatible values should have the same type","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api\u002Fapi09-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F09.api09-c",{"title":3647,"path":3648,"stem":3649},"API10-C. APIs should have security options enabled by default","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fapplication-programming-interfaces-api\u002Fapi10-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F02.application-programming-interfaces-api\u002F10.api10-c",{"title":2731,"path":3651,"stem":3652,"children":3653},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Farrays-arr","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F1.index",[3654,3655,3659,3663],{"title":2731,"path":3651,"stem":3652},{"title":3656,"path":3657,"stem":3658},"ARR00-C. Understand how arrays work","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Farrays-arr\u002Farr00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F2.arr00-c",{"title":3660,"path":3661,"stem":3662},"ARR01-C. Do not apply the sizeof operator to a pointer when taking the size of an array","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Farrays-arr\u002Farr01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F3.arr01-c",{"title":3664,"path":3665,"stem":3666},"ARR02-C. Explicitly specify array bounds, even if implicitly defined by an initializer","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Farrays-arr\u002Farr02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F03.arrays-arr\u002F4.arr02-c",{"title":2761,"path":3668,"stem":3669,"children":3670},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F01.index",[3671,3672,3676,3680,3684,3688,3692,3696,3700,3704,3708],{"title":2761,"path":3668,"stem":3669},{"title":3673,"path":3674,"stem":3675},"STR00-C. Represent characters using an appropriate type","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F02.str00-c",{"title":3677,"path":3678,"stem":3679},"STR01-C. Adopt and implement a consistent plan for managing strings","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F03.str01-c",{"title":3681,"path":3682,"stem":3683},"STR02-C. Sanitize data passed to complex subsystems","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F04.str02-c",{"title":3685,"path":3686,"stem":3687},"STR03-C. Do not inadvertently truncate a string","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr03-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F05.str03-c",{"title":3689,"path":3690,"stem":3691},"STR04-C. Use plain char for characters in the basic character set","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F06.str04-c",{"title":3693,"path":3694,"stem":3695},"STR05-C. Use pointers to const when referring to string literals","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F07.str05-c",{"title":3697,"path":3698,"stem":3699},"STR06-C. Do not assume that strtok() leaves the parse string unchanged","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr06-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F08.str06-c",{"title":3701,"path":3702,"stem":3703},"STR09-C. Don't assume numeric values for expressions with type plain character","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr09-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F09.str09-c",{"title":3705,"path":3706,"stem":3707},"STR10-C. Do not concatenate different type of string literals","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr10-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F10.str10-c",{"title":3709,"path":3710,"stem":3711},"STR11-C. Do not specify the bound of a character array initialized with a string literal","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr11-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F04.characters-and-strings-str\u002F11.str11-c",{"title":2791,"path":3713,"stem":3714,"children":3715},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F01.index",[3716,3717,3721,3725,3729,3733,3737,3741,3745,3749],{"title":2791,"path":3713,"stem":3714},{"title":3718,"path":3719,"stem":3720},"CON01-C. Acquire and release synchronization primitives in the same module, at the same level of abstraction","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F02.con01-c",{"title":3722,"path":3723,"stem":3724},"CON02-C. Do not use volatile as a synchronization primitive","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F03.con02-c",{"title":3726,"path":3727,"stem":3728},"CON03-C. Ensure visibility when accessing shared variables","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon03-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F04.con03-c",{"title":3730,"path":3731,"stem":3732},"CON04-C. Join or detach threads even if their exit status is unimportant","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F05.con04-c",{"title":3734,"path":3735,"stem":3736},"CON05-C. Do not perform operations that can block while holding a lock","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F06.con05-c",{"title":3738,"path":3739,"stem":3740},"CON06-C. Ensure that every mutex outlives the data it protects","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon06-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F07.con06-c",{"title":3742,"path":3743,"stem":3744},"CON07-C. Ensure that compound operations on shared variables are atomic","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F08.con07-c",{"title":3746,"path":3747,"stem":3748},"CON08-C. Do not assume that a group of calls to independently atomic methods is atomic","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon08-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F09.con08-c",{"title":3750,"path":3751,"stem":3752},"CON09-C. Avoid the ABA problem when using lock-free algorithms","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon09-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F05.concurrency-con\u002F10.con09-c",{"title":2853,"path":3754,"stem":3755,"children":3756},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F01.index",[3757,3758,3762,3766,3770,3772,3776,3780,3784,3788,3792,3796,3800,3804,3808,3812,3816,3820,3824,3828,3832,3836,3840,3844],{"title":2853,"path":3754,"stem":3755},{"title":3759,"path":3760,"stem":3761},"DCL00-C. Const-qualify immutable objects","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F02.dcl00-c",{"title":3763,"path":3764,"stem":3765},"DCL01-C. Do not reuse variable names in subscopes","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F03.dcl01-c",{"title":3767,"path":3768,"stem":3769},"DCL02-C. Use visually distinct identifiers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F04.dcl02-c",{"title":1200,"path":1199,"stem":3771},"4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F05.dcl03-c",{"title":3773,"path":3774,"stem":3775},"DCL04-C. Do not declare more than one variable per declaration","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F06.dcl04-c",{"title":3777,"path":3778,"stem":3779},"DCL05-C. Use typedefs of non-pointer types only","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F07.dcl05-c",{"title":3781,"path":3782,"stem":3783},"DCL06-C. Use meaningful symbolic constants to represent literal values","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl06-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F08.dcl06-c",{"title":3785,"path":3786,"stem":3787},"DCL07-C. Include the appropriate type information in function declarators","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F09.dcl07-c",{"title":3789,"path":3790,"stem":3791},"DCL08-C. Properly encode relationships in constant definitions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl08-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F10.dcl08-c",{"title":3793,"path":3794,"stem":3795},"DCL09-C. Declare functions that return errno with a return type of errno_t","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl09-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F11.dcl09-c",{"title":3797,"path":3798,"stem":3799},"DCL10-C. Maintain the contract between the writer and caller of variadic functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl10-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F12.dcl10-c",{"title":3801,"path":3802,"stem":3803},"DCL11-C. Understand the type issues associated with variadic functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl11-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F13.dcl11-c",{"title":3805,"path":3806,"stem":3807},"DCL12-C. Implement abstract data types using opaque types","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl12-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F14.dcl12-c",{"title":3809,"path":3810,"stem":3811},"DCL13-C. Declare function parameters that are pointers to values not changed by the function as const","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl13-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F15.dcl13-c",{"title":3813,"path":3814,"stem":3815},"DCL15-C. Declare file-scope objects or functions that do not need external linkage as static","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl15-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F16.dcl15-c",{"title":3817,"path":3818,"stem":3819},"DCL16-C. Use \"L,\" not \"l,\" to indicate a long value","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl16-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F17.dcl16-c",{"title":3821,"path":3822,"stem":3823},"DCL17-C. Beware of miscompiled volatile-qualified variables","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl17-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F18.dcl17-c",{"title":3825,"path":3826,"stem":3827},"DCL18-C. Do not begin integer constants with 0 when specifying a decimal value","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl18-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F19.dcl18-c",{"title":3829,"path":3830,"stem":3831},"DCL19-C. Minimize the scope of variables and functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl19-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F20.dcl19-c",{"title":3833,"path":3834,"stem":3835},"DCL20-C. Explicitly specify void when a function accepts no arguments","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl20-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F21.dcl20-c",{"title":3837,"path":3838,"stem":3839},"DCL21-C. Understand the storage of compound literals","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl21-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F22.dcl21-c",{"title":3841,"path":3842,"stem":3843},"DCL22-C. Use volatile for data that cannot be cached","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl22-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F23.dcl22-c",{"title":3845,"path":3846,"stem":3847},"DCL23-C. Guarantee that mutually visible identifiers are unique","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl23-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F06.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F24.dcl23-c",{"title":2882,"path":3849,"stem":3850,"children":3851},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fenvironment-env","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F07.environment-env\u002F1.index",[3852,3853,3857,3861],{"title":2882,"path":3849,"stem":3850},{"title":3854,"path":3855,"stem":3856},"ENV01-C. Do not make assumptions about the size of an environment variable","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fenvironment-env\u002Fenv01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F07.environment-env\u002F2.env01-c",{"title":3858,"path":3859,"stem":3860},"ENV02-C. Beware of multiple environment variables with the same effective name","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fenvironment-env\u002Fenv02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F07.environment-env\u002F3.env02-c",{"title":3862,"path":3863,"stem":3864},"ENV03-C. Sanitize the environment when invoking external programs","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fenvironment-env\u002Fenv03-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F07.environment-env\u002F4.env03-c",{"title":2908,"path":3866,"stem":3867,"children":3868},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ferror-handling-err","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F1.index",[3869,3870,3874,3878,3882,3886,3890,3894],{"title":2908,"path":3866,"stem":3867},{"title":3871,"path":3872,"stem":3873},"ERR00-C. Adopt and implement a consistent and comprehensive error-handling policy","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F2.err00-c",{"title":3875,"path":3876,"stem":3877},"ERR01-C. Use ferror() rather than errno to check for FILE stream errors","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F3.err01-c",{"title":3879,"path":3880,"stem":3881},"ERR02-C. Avoid in-band error indicators","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F4.err02-c",{"title":3883,"path":3884,"stem":3885},"ERR04-C. Choose an appropriate termination strategy","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F5.err04-c",{"title":3887,"path":3888,"stem":3889},"ERR05-C. Application-independent code should provide error detection without dictating error handling","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F6.err05-c",{"title":3891,"path":3892,"stem":3893},"ERR06-C. Understand the termination behavior of assert() and abort()","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr06-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F7.err06-c",{"title":3895,"path":3896,"stem":3897},"ERR07-C. Prefer functions that support error checking over equivalent functions that don't","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ferror-handling-err\u002Ferr07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F08.error-handling-err\u002F8.err07-c",{"title":2930,"path":3899,"stem":3900,"children":3901},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F01.index",[3902,3903,3907,3911,3915,3919,3923,3927,3931,3935,3939,3943,3947,3951,3955,3959,3963],{"title":2930,"path":3899,"stem":3900},{"title":3904,"path":3905,"stem":3906},"EXP00-C. Use parentheses for precedence of operation","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F02.exp00-c",{"title":3908,"path":3909,"stem":3910},"EXP02-C. Be aware of the short-circuit behavior of the logical AND and OR operators","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F03.exp02-c",{"title":3912,"path":3913,"stem":3914},"EXP03-C. Do not assume the size of a structure is the sum of the sizes of its members","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp03-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F04.exp03-c",{"title":3916,"path":3917,"stem":3918},"EXP05-C. Do not cast away a const qualification","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F05.exp05-c",{"title":3920,"path":3921,"stem":3922},"EXP07-C. Do not diminish the benefits of constants by assuming their values in expressions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F06.exp07-c",{"title":3924,"path":3925,"stem":3926},"EXP08-C. Ensure pointer arithmetic is used correctly","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp08-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F07.exp08-c",{"title":3928,"path":3929,"stem":3930},"EXP09-C. Use sizeof to determine the size of a type or variable","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp09-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F08.exp09-c",{"title":3932,"path":3933,"stem":3934},"EXP10-C. Do not depend on the order of evaluation of subexpressions or the order in which side effects take place","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp10-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F09.exp10-c",{"title":3936,"path":3937,"stem":3938},"EXP11-C. Do not make assumptions regarding the layout of structures with bit-fields","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp11-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F10.exp11-c",{"title":3940,"path":3941,"stem":3942},"EXP12-C. Do not ignore values returned by functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp12-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F11.exp12-c",{"title":3944,"path":3945,"stem":3946},"EXP13-C. Treat relational and equality operators as if they were nonassociative","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp13-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F12.exp13-c",{"title":3948,"path":3949,"stem":3950},"EXP14-C. Beware of integer promotion when performing bitwise operations on integer types smaller than int","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp14-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F13.exp14-c",{"title":3952,"path":3953,"stem":3954},"EXP15-C. Do not place a semicolon on the same line as an if, for, or while statement","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp15-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F14.exp15-c",{"title":3956,"path":3957,"stem":3958},"EXP16-C. Do not compare function pointers to constant values","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp16-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F15.exp16-c",{"title":3960,"path":3961,"stem":3962},"EXP19-C. Use braces for the body of an if, for, or while statement","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp19-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F16.exp19-c",{"title":3964,"path":3965,"stem":3966},"EXP20-C. Perform explicit tests to determine success, true and false, and equality","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp20-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F09.expressions-exp\u002F17.exp20-c",{"title":2996,"path":3968,"stem":3969,"children":3970},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ffloating-point-flp","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F1.index",[3971,3972,3976,3980,3984,3988,3992,3996,4000],{"title":2996,"path":3968,"stem":3969},{"title":3973,"path":3974,"stem":3975},"FLP00-C. Understand the limitations of floating-point numbers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F2.flp00-c",{"title":3977,"path":3978,"stem":3979},"FLP01-C. Take care in rearranging floating-point expressions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F3.flp01-c",{"title":3981,"path":3982,"stem":3983},"FLP02-C. Avoid using floating-point numbers when precise computation is needed","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F4.flp02-c",{"title":3985,"path":3986,"stem":3987},"FLP03-C. Detect and handle floating-point errors","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp03-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F5.flp03-c",{"title":3989,"path":3990,"stem":3991},"FLP04-C. Check floating-point inputs for exceptional values","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F6.flp04-c",{"title":3993,"path":3994,"stem":3995},"FLP05-C. Do not use denormalized numbers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F7.flp05-c",{"title":3997,"path":3998,"stem":3999},"FLP06-C. Convert integers to floating point for floating-point operations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp06-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F8.flp06-c",{"title":4001,"path":4002,"stem":4003},"FLP07-C. Cast the return value of a function that returns a floating-point type","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Ffloating-point-flp\u002Fflp07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F10.floating-point-flp\u002F9.flp07-c",{"title":3022,"path":4005,"stem":4006,"children":4007},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F01.index",[4008,4009,4013,4017,4021,4025,4029,4033,4037,4041,4045,4049,4053,4057,4061,4065,4069,4073,4077,4081,4085],{"title":3022,"path":4005,"stem":4006},{"title":4010,"path":4011,"stem":4012},"FIO01-C. Be careful using functions that use file names for identification","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F02.fio01-c",{"title":4014,"path":4015,"stem":4016},"FIO02-C. Canonicalize path names originating from tainted sources","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F03.fio02-c",{"title":4018,"path":4019,"stem":4020},"FIO03-C. Do not make assumptions about fopen() and file creation","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio03-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F04.fio03-c",{"title":4022,"path":4023,"stem":4024},"FIO05-C. Identify files using multiple file attributes","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F05.fio05-c",{"title":4026,"path":4027,"stem":4028},"FIO06-C. Create files with appropriate access permissions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio06-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F06.fio06-c",{"title":4030,"path":4031,"stem":4032},"FIO08-C. Take care when calling remove() on an open file","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio08-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F07.fio08-c",{"title":4034,"path":4035,"stem":4036},"FIO09-C. Be careful with binary data when transferring data across systems","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio09-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F08.fio09-c",{"title":4038,"path":4039,"stem":4040},"FIO10-C. Take care when using the rename() function","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio10-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F09.fio10-c",{"title":4042,"path":4043,"stem":4044},"FIO11-C. Take care when specifying the mode parameter of fopen()","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio11-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F10.fio11-c",{"title":4046,"path":4047,"stem":4048},"FIO13-C. Never push back anything other than one read character","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio13-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F11.fio13-c",{"title":4050,"path":4051,"stem":4052},"FIO14-C. Understand the difference between text mode and binary mode with file streams","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio14-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F12.fio14-c",{"title":4054,"path":4055,"stem":4056},"FIO15-C. Ensure that file operations are performed in a secure directory","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio15-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F13.fio15-c",{"title":4058,"path":4059,"stem":4060},"FIO17-C. Do not rely on an ending null character when using fread()","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio17-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F14.fio17-c",{"title":4062,"path":4063,"stem":4064},"FIO18-C. Never expect fwrite() to terminate the writing process at a null character","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio18-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F15.fio18-c",{"title":4066,"path":4067,"stem":4068},"FIO19-C. Do not use fseek() and ftell() to compute the size of a regular file","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio19-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F16.fio19-c",{"title":4070,"path":4071,"stem":4072},"FIO20-C. Avoid unintentional truncation when using fgets() or fgetws()","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio20-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F17.fio20-c",{"title":4074,"path":4075,"stem":4076},"FIO21-C. Do not create temporary files in shared directories","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio21-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F18.fio21-c",{"title":4078,"path":4079,"stem":4080},"FIO22-C. Close files before spawning processes","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio22-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F19.fio22-c",{"title":4082,"path":4083,"stem":4084},"FIO23-C. Do not exit with unflushed data in stdout or stderr","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio23-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F20.fio23-c",{"title":4086,"path":4087,"stem":4088},"FIO24-C. Do not open a file that is already open","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio24-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F11.input-output-fio\u002F21.fio24-c",{"title":3080,"path":4090,"stem":4091,"children":4092},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F01.index",[4093,4094,4098,4102,4106,4110,4114,4118,4122,4126,4130,4134,4138,4142,4146,4150],{"title":3080,"path":4090,"stem":4091},{"title":4095,"path":4096,"stem":4097},"INT00-C. Understand the data model used by your implementation(s)","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F02.int00-c",{"title":4099,"path":4100,"stem":4101},"INT01-C. Use size_t or rsize_t for all integer values representing the size of an object","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F03.int01-c",{"title":4103,"path":4104,"stem":4105},"INT04-C. Enforce limits on integer values originating from tainted sources","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F05.int04-c",{"title":4107,"path":4108,"stem":4109},"INT05-C. Do not use input functions to convert character data if they cannot handle all possible inputs","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F06.int05-c",{"title":4111,"path":4112,"stem":4113},"INT07-C. Use only explicitly signed or unsigned char type for numeric values","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F07.int07-c",{"title":4115,"path":4116,"stem":4117},"INT08-C. Verify that all integer values are in range","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint08-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F08.int08-c",{"title":4119,"path":4120,"stem":4121},"INT09-C. Ensure enumeration constants map to unique values","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint09-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F09.int09-c",{"title":4123,"path":4124,"stem":4125},"INT10-C. Do not assume a positive remainder when using the % operator","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint10-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F10.int10-c",{"title":4127,"path":4128,"stem":4129},"INT12-C. Do not make assumptions about the type of a plain int bit-field when used in an expression","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint12-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F11.int12-c",{"title":4131,"path":4132,"stem":4133},"INT13-C. Use bitwise operators only on unsigned operands","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint13-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F12.int13-c",{"title":4135,"path":4136,"stem":4137},"INT14-C. Avoid performing bitwise and arithmetic operations on the same data","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint14-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F13.int14-c",{"title":4139,"path":4140,"stem":4141},"INT15-C. Use intmax_t or uintmax_t for formatted IO on programmer-defined integer types","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint15-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F14.int15-c",{"title":4143,"path":4144,"stem":4145},"INT16-C. Do not make assumptions about representation of signed integers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint16-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F15.int16-c",{"title":4147,"path":4148,"stem":4149},"INT17-C. Define integer constants in an implementation-independent manner","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint17-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F16.int17-c",{"title":4151,"path":4152,"stem":4153},"INT18-C. Evaluate integer expressions in a larger size before comparing or assigning to that size","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint18-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F12.integers-int\u002F17.int18-c",{"title":3112,"path":4155,"stem":4156,"children":4157},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F01.index",[4158,4159,4163,4167,4171,4175,4179,4183,4187,4191,4195,4199],{"title":3112,"path":4155,"stem":4156},{"title":4160,"path":4161,"stem":4162},"MEM00-C. Allocate and free memory in the same module, at the same level of abstraction","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F02.mem00-c",{"title":4164,"path":4165,"stem":4166},"MEM01-C. Store a new value in pointers immediately after free()","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F03.mem01-c",{"title":4168,"path":4169,"stem":4170},"MEM02-C. Immediately cast the result of a memory allocation function call into a pointer to the allocated type","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F04.mem02-c",{"title":4172,"path":4173,"stem":4174},"MEM03-C. Clear sensitive information stored in reusable resources","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem03-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F05.mem03-c",{"title":4176,"path":4177,"stem":4178},"MEM04-C. Beware of zero-length allocations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F06.mem04-c",{"title":4180,"path":4181,"stem":4182},"MEM05-C. Avoid large stack allocations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F07.mem05-c",{"title":4184,"path":4185,"stem":4186},"MEM06-C. Ensure that sensitive data is not written out to disk","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem06-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F08.mem06-c",{"title":4188,"path":4189,"stem":4190},"MEM07-C. Ensure that the arguments to calloc(), when multiplied, do not wrap","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F09.mem07-c",{"title":4192,"path":4193,"stem":4194},"MEM10-C. Define and use a pointer validation function","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem10-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F10.mem10-c",{"title":4196,"path":4197,"stem":4198},"MEM11-C. Do not assume infinite heap space","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem11-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F11.mem11-c",{"title":4200,"path":4201,"stem":4202},"MEM12-C. Consider using a goto chain when leaving a function on error when using and releasing resources","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem12-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F13.memory-management-mem\u002F12.mem12-c",{"title":3142,"path":4204,"stem":4205,"children":4206},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmicrosoft-windows-win","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F14.microsoft-windows-win\u002F1.index",[4207,4208,4212,4216,4220,4224],{"title":3142,"path":4204,"stem":4205},{"title":4209,"path":4210,"stem":4211},"WIN00-C. Be specific when dynamically loading libraries","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmicrosoft-windows-win\u002Fwin00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F14.microsoft-windows-win\u002F2.win00-c",{"title":4213,"path":4214,"stem":4215},"WIN01-C. Do not forcibly terminate execution","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmicrosoft-windows-win\u002Fwin01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F14.microsoft-windows-win\u002F3.win01-c",{"title":4217,"path":4218,"stem":4219},"WIN02-C. Restrict privileges when spawning child processes","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmicrosoft-windows-win\u002Fwin02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F14.microsoft-windows-win\u002F4.win02-c",{"title":4221,"path":4222,"stem":4223},"WIN03-C. Understand HANDLE inheritance","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmicrosoft-windows-win\u002Fwin03-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F14.microsoft-windows-win\u002F5.win03-c",{"title":4225,"path":4226,"stem":4227},"WIN04-C. Consider encrypting function pointers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmicrosoft-windows-win\u002Fwin04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F14.microsoft-windows-win\u002F6.win04-c",{"title":3152,"path":4229,"stem":4230,"children":4231},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F01.index",[4232,4233,4237,4241,4245,4249,4253,4257,4261,4265,4269,4273,4277,4281,4285,4289,4293,4297,4301,4305,4309,4313,4317],{"title":3152,"path":4229,"stem":4230},{"title":4234,"path":4235,"stem":4236},"MSC00-C. Compile cleanly at high warning levels","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F02.msc00-c",{"title":4238,"path":4239,"stem":4240},"MSC01-C. Strive for logical completeness","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F03.msc01-c",{"title":4242,"path":4243,"stem":4244},"MSC04-C. Use comments consistently and in a readable fashion","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F04.msc04-c",{"title":4246,"path":4247,"stem":4248},"MSC05-C. Do not manipulate time_t typed values directly","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F05.msc05-c",{"title":4250,"path":4251,"stem":4252},"MSC06-C. Beware of compiler optimizations","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc06-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F06.msc06-c",{"title":4254,"path":4255,"stem":4256},"MSC07-C. Detect and remove dead code","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F07.msc07-c",{"title":4258,"path":4259,"stem":4260},"UTF8-related issues","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Futf8-related-issues","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F08.utf8-related-issues",{"title":4262,"path":4263,"stem":4264},"MSC11-C. Incorporate diagnostic tests using assertions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc11-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F09.msc11-c",{"title":4266,"path":4267,"stem":4268},"MSC12-C. Detect and remove code that has no effect or is never executed","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc12-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F10.msc12-c",{"title":4270,"path":4271,"stem":4272},"MSC13-C. Detect and remove unused values","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc13-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F11.msc13-c",{"title":4274,"path":4275,"stem":4276},"MSC14-C. Do not introduce unnecessary platform dependencies","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc14-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F12.msc14-c",{"title":4278,"path":4279,"stem":4280},"MSC15-C. Do not depend on undefined behavior","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc15-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F13.msc15-c",{"title":4282,"path":4283,"stem":4284},"MSC17-C. Finish every set of statements associated with a case label with a break statement","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc17-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F14.msc17-c",{"title":4286,"path":4287,"stem":4288},"MSC18-C. Be careful while handling sensitive data, such as passwords, in program code","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc18-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F15.msc18-c",{"title":4290,"path":4291,"stem":4292},"MSC19-C. For functions that return an array, prefer returning an empty array over a null value","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc19-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F16.msc19-c",{"title":4294,"path":4295,"stem":4296},"MSC20-C. Do not use a switch statement to transfer control into a complex block","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc20-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F17.msc20-c",{"title":4298,"path":4299,"stem":4300},"MSC21-C. Use robust loop termination conditions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc21-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F18.msc21-c",{"title":4302,"path":4303,"stem":4304},"MSC22-C. Use the setjmp(), longjmp() facility securely","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc22-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F19.msc22-c",{"title":4306,"path":4307,"stem":4308},"MSC23-C. Beware of vendor-specific library and language differences","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc23-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F20.msc23-c",{"title":4310,"path":4311,"stem":4312},"MSC24-C. Do not use deprecated or obsolescent functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc24-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F21.msc24-c",{"title":4314,"path":4315,"stem":4316},"MSC25-C. Do not use insecure or weak cryptographic algorithms","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc25-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F22.msc25-c",{"title":4318,"path":4319,"stem":4320},"Use subset of ASCII for safety","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fuse-subset-of-ascii-for-safety","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F15.miscellaneous-msc\u002F23.use-subset-of-ascii-for-safety",{"title":3190,"path":4322,"stem":4323,"children":4324},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fposix-pos","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F1.index",[4325,4326,4330,4334,4338],{"title":3190,"path":4322,"stem":4323},{"title":4327,"path":4328,"stem":4329},"POS01-C. Check for the existence of links when dealing with files","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F2.pos01-c",{"title":4331,"path":4332,"stem":4333},"POS02-C. Follow the principle of least privilege","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F3.pos02-c",{"title":4335,"path":4336,"stem":4337},"POS04-C. Avoid using PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL type mutex locks","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F4.pos04-c",{"title":4339,"path":4340,"stem":4341},"POS05-C. Limit access to files by creating a jail","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fposix-pos\u002Fpos05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F16.posix-pos\u002F5.pos05-c",{"title":3260,"path":4343,"stem":4344,"children":4345},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F01.index",[4346,4347,4351,4355,4359,4363,4367,4371,4375,4379,4383,4387,4391,4395],{"title":3260,"path":4343,"stem":4344},{"title":4348,"path":4349,"stem":4350},"PRE00-C. Prefer inline or static functions to function-like macros","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F02.pre00-c",{"title":4352,"path":4353,"stem":4354},"PRE01-C. Use parentheses within macros around parameter names","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F03.pre01-c",{"title":4356,"path":4357,"stem":4358},"PRE02-C. Macro replacement lists should be parenthesized","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F04.pre02-c",{"title":4360,"path":4361,"stem":4362},"PRE04-C. Do not reuse a standard header file name","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre04-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F05.pre04-c",{"title":4364,"path":4365,"stem":4366},"PRE05-C. Understand macro replacement when concatenating tokens or performing stringification","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre05-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F06.pre05-c",{"title":4368,"path":4369,"stem":4370},"PRE06-C. Enclose header files in an include guard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre06-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F07.pre06-c",{"title":4372,"path":4373,"stem":4374},"PRE07-C. Avoid using repeated question marks","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre07-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F08.pre07-c",{"title":4376,"path":4377,"stem":4378},"PRE08-C. Guarantee that header file names are unique","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre08-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F09.pre08-c",{"title":4380,"path":4381,"stem":4382},"PRE09-C. Do not replace secure functions with deprecated or obsolescent functions","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre09-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F10.pre09-c",{"title":4384,"path":4385,"stem":4386},"PRE10-C. Wrap multistatement macros in a do-while loop","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre10-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F11.pre10-c",{"title":4388,"path":4389,"stem":4390},"PRE11-C. Do not conclude macro definitions with a semicolon","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre11-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F12.pre11-c",{"title":4392,"path":4393,"stem":4394},"PRE12-C. Do not define unsafe macros","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre12-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F13.pre12-c",{"title":4396,"path":4397,"stem":4398},"PRE13-C. Use the Standard predefined macros to test for versions and features.","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fpreprocessor-pre\u002Fpre13-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F17.preprocessor-pre\u002F14.pre13-c",{"title":3278,"path":4400,"stem":4401,"children":4402},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fsignals-sig","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F18.signals-sig\u002F1.index",[4403,4404,4408,4412],{"title":3278,"path":4400,"stem":4401},{"title":4405,"path":4406,"stem":4407},"SIG00-C. Mask signals handled by noninterruptible signal handlers","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fsignals-sig\u002Fsig00-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F18.signals-sig\u002F2.sig00-c",{"title":4409,"path":4410,"stem":4411},"SIG01-C. Understand implementation-specific details regarding signal handler persistence","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fsignals-sig\u002Fsig01-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F18.signals-sig\u002F3.sig01-c",{"title":4413,"path":4414,"stem":4415},"SIG02-C. Avoid using signals to implement normal functionality","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frecommendations\u002Fsignals-sig\u002Fsig02-c","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F08.recommendations\u002F18.signals-sig\u002F4.sig02-c",{"title":4417,"path":4418,"stem":4419},"CERT manifest files","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fcert-manifest-files","4.sei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F09.cert-manifest-files",1775657795856]