[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2744},["ShallowReactive",2],{"global-navigation":3,"page-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon55-cpp":28,"surround-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon55-cpp":2039,"sidebar-sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard":2045},[4,8],{"title":5,"path":6,"_path":6,"fromAppConfig":7},"Home","\u002F",true,{"title":9,"path":10,"children":11,"_path":27,"fromAppConfig":7},"Coding Standards","\u002Fcoding-standards\u002F",[12,15,18,21,24],{"title":13,"path":14},"Android Coding Standard","\u002Fandroid-secure-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":16,"path":17},"C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":19,"path":20},"C++ Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":22,"path":23},"Java Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-oracle-coding-standard-for-java\u002F",{"title":25,"path":26},"Perl Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-perl-coding-standard\u002F","\u002Fcoding-standards",{"id":29,"title":30,"body":31,"description":2023,"extension":2024,"meta":2025,"navigation":7,"path":2035,"seo":2036,"stem":2037,"__hash__":2038},"content\u002F5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F7.con55-cpp.md","CON55-CPP. Preserve thread safety and liveness when using condition variables",{"type":32,"value":33,"toc":2010},"minimark",[34,38,61,90,110,117,126,137,146,158,166,174,190,732,738,744,955,958,964,974,1246,1249,1256,1265,1268,1599,1603,1611,1673,1677,1859,1863,1877,1881,1932,1936,1982,1985,2006],[35,36,30],"h1",{"id":37},"con55-cpp-preserve-thread-safety-and-liveness-when-using-condition-variables",[39,40,41,42,47,48,52,53,57,58,60],"p",{},"Both thread safety and ",[43,44,46],"a",{"href":45},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-liveness","liveness"," are concerns when using condition variables. The ",[49,50,51],"em",{},"thread-safety"," property requires that all objects maintain consistent states in a multithreaded environment [ ",[43,54,56],{"href":55},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Faa-bibliography#AA.Bibliography-Lea2000","Lea 2000"," ]. The ",[49,59,46],{}," property requires that every operation or function invocation execute to completion without interruption; for example, there is no deadlock.",[39,62,63,64,68,69,73,74,76,77,80,81,85,86,89],{},"Condition variables must be used inside a ",[65,66,67],"code",{},"while"," loop. (See ",[43,70,72],{"href":71},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon54-cpp","CON54-CPP. Wrap functions that can spuriously wake up in a loop"," for more information.) To guarantee liveness, programs must test the ",[65,75,67],{}," loop condition before invoking the ",[65,78,79],{},"condition_variable::wait()"," member function. This early test checks whether another thread has already satisfied the ",[43,82,84],{"href":83},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-conditionpredicate","condition predicate"," and has sent a notification. Invoking ",[65,87,88],{},"wait()"," after the notification has been sent results in indefinite blocking.",[39,91,92,93,95,96,98,99,101,102,105,106,109],{},"To guarantee thread safety, programs must test the ",[65,94,67],{}," loop condition after returning from ",[65,97,88],{}," . When a given thread invokes ",[65,100,88],{}," , it will attempt to block until its condition variable is signaled by a call to ",[65,103,104],{},"condition_variable::notify_all()"," or to ",[65,107,108],{},"condition_variable::notify_one()"," .",[39,111,112,113,116],{},"The ",[65,114,115],{},"notify_one()"," member function unblocks one of the threads that are blocked on the specified condition variable at the time of the call. If multiple threads are waiting on the same condition variable, the scheduler can select any of those threads to be awakened (assuming that all threads have the same priority level).",[39,118,112,119,122,123,125],{},[65,120,121],{},"notify_all()"," member function unblocks all of the threads that are blocked on the specified condition variable at the time of the call. The order in which threads execute following a call to ",[65,124,121],{}," is unspecified. Consequently, an unrelated thread could start executing, discover that its condition predicate is satisfied, and resume execution even though it was supposed to remain dormant.",[39,127,128,129,131,132,134,135,109],{},"For these reasons, threads must check the condition predicate after the ",[65,130,88],{}," function returns. A ",[65,133,67],{}," loop is the best choice for checking the condition predicate both before and after invoking ",[65,136,88],{},[39,138,139,140,142,143,145],{},"The use of ",[65,141,115],{}," is safe if each thread uses a unique condition variable. If multiple threads share a condition variable, the use of ",[65,144,115],{}," is safe only if the following conditions are met:",[147,148,149,155],"ul",{},[150,151,152,153,109],"li",{},"All threads must perform the same set of operations after waking up, which means that any thread can be selected to wake up and resume for a single invocation of ",[65,154,115],{},[150,156,157],{},"Only one thread is required to wake upon receiving the signal.",[39,159,112,160,162,163,165],{},[65,161,121],{}," function can be used to unblock all of the threads that are blocked on the specified condition variable if the use of ",[65,164,115],{}," is unsafe.",[167,168,170,171,173],"h2",{"id":169},"noncompliant-code-example-notify_one","Noncompliant Code Example ( ",[65,172,115],{}," )",[39,175,176,177,180,181,183,184,186,187],{},"This noncompliant code example uses five threads that are intended to execute sequentially according to the step level assigned to each thread when it is created (serialized processing). The ",[65,178,179],{},"currentStep"," variable holds the current step level and is incremented when the respective thread completes. Finally, another thread is signaled so that the next step can be executed. Each thread waits until its step level is ready, and the ",[65,182,88],{}," call is wrapped inside a ",[65,185,67],{}," loop, in compliance with ",[43,188,189],{"href":71},"CON54-CPP. Wrap functions that can spuriously wake up in a loop.",[191,192,194],"code-block",{"quality":193},"bad",[195,196,201],"pre",{"className":197,"code":198,"language":199,"meta":200,"style":200},"language-c shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","#include \u003Ccondition_variable>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cmutex>\n#include \u003Cthread>\n \nstd::mutex mutex;\nstd::condition_variable cond;\n\nvoid run_step(size_t myStep) {\n  static size_t currentStep = 0;\n  std::unique_lock\u003Cstd::mutex> lk(mutex);\n\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" has the lock\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n\n  while (currentStep != myStep) {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" is sleeping...\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    cond.wait(lk);\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" woke up\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n  }\n\n  \u002F\u002F Do processing...\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" is processing...\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n  currentStep++;\n\n  \u002F\u002F Signal awaiting task.\n  cond.notify_one();\n\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" is exiting...\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n\nint main() {\n  constexpr size_t numThreads = 5;\n  std::thread threads[numThreads];\n\n  \u002F\u002F Create threads.\n  for (size_t i = 0; i \u003C numThreads; ++i) {\n    threads[i] = std::thread(run_step, i);\n  }\n\n  \u002F\u002F Wait for all threads to complete.\n  for (size_t i = numThreads; i != 0; --i) {\n    threads[i - 1].join();\n  }\n}\n","c","",[65,202,203,216,224,232,240,247,253,259,265,289,311,332,337,365,370,385,408,420,442,448,453,460,482,493,498,504,516,521,543,549,554,566,584,597,602,608,639,656,661,666,672,700,722,727],{"__ignoreMap":200},[204,205,208,212],"span",{"class":206,"line":207},"line",1,[204,209,211],{"class":210},"sC2Qs","#include",[204,213,215],{"class":214},"sstjo"," \u003Ccondition_variable>\n",[204,217,219,221],{"class":206,"line":218},2,[204,220,211],{"class":210},[204,222,223],{"class":214}," \u003Ciostream>\n",[204,225,227,229],{"class":206,"line":226},3,[204,228,211],{"class":210},[204,230,231],{"class":214}," \u003Cmutex>\n",[204,233,235,237],{"class":206,"line":234},4,[204,236,211],{"class":210},[204,238,239],{"class":214}," \u003Cthread>\n",[204,241,243],{"class":206,"line":242},5,[204,244,246],{"class":245},"sMOD_"," \n",[204,248,250],{"class":206,"line":249},6,[204,251,252],{"class":245},"std::mutex mutex;\n",[204,254,256],{"class":206,"line":255},7,[204,257,258],{"class":245},"std::condition_variable cond;\n",[204,260,262],{"class":206,"line":261},8,[204,263,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},"\n",[204,266,268,272,276,279,282,286],{"class":206,"line":267},9,[204,269,271],{"class":270},"sq6CD","void",[204,273,275],{"class":274},"srTi1"," run_step",[204,277,278],{"class":245},"(",[204,280,281],{"class":270},"size_t",[204,283,285],{"class":284},"sTHNf"," myStep",[204,287,288],{"class":245},") {\n",[204,290,292,295,298,301,304,308],{"class":206,"line":291},10,[204,293,294],{"class":210},"  static",[204,296,297],{"class":270}," size_t",[204,299,300],{"class":245}," currentStep ",[204,302,303],{"class":210},"=",[204,305,307],{"class":306},"s7F3e"," 0",[204,309,310],{"class":245},";\n",[204,312,314,317,320,323,326,329],{"class":206,"line":313},11,[204,315,316],{"class":245},"  std::unique_lock",[204,318,319],{"class":210},"\u003C",[204,321,322],{"class":245},"std::mutex",[204,324,325],{"class":210},">",[204,327,328],{"class":274}," lk",[204,330,331],{"class":245},"(mutex);\n",[204,333,335],{"class":206,"line":334},12,[204,336,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,338,340,343,346,349,352,355,357,360,362],{"class":206,"line":339},13,[204,341,342],{"class":245},"  std::cout ",[204,344,345],{"class":210},"\u003C\u003C",[204,347,348],{"class":214}," \"Thread \"",[204,350,351],{"class":210}," \u003C\u003C",[204,353,354],{"class":245}," myStep ",[204,356,345],{"class":210},[204,358,359],{"class":214}," \" has the lock\"",[204,361,351],{"class":210},[204,363,364],{"class":245}," std::endl;\n",[204,366,368],{"class":206,"line":367},14,[204,369,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,371,373,376,379,382],{"class":206,"line":372},15,[204,374,375],{"class":210},"  while",[204,377,378],{"class":245}," (currentStep ",[204,380,381],{"class":210},"!=",[204,383,384],{"class":245}," myStep) {\n",[204,386,388,391,393,395,397,399,401,404,406],{"class":206,"line":387},16,[204,389,390],{"class":245},"    std::cout ",[204,392,345],{"class":210},[204,394,348],{"class":214},[204,396,351],{"class":210},[204,398,354],{"class":245},[204,400,345],{"class":210},[204,402,403],{"class":214}," \" is sleeping...\"",[204,405,351],{"class":210},[204,407,364],{"class":245},[204,409,411,414,417],{"class":206,"line":410},17,[204,412,413],{"class":245},"    cond.",[204,415,416],{"class":274},"wait",[204,418,419],{"class":245},"(lk);\n",[204,421,423,425,427,429,431,433,435,438,440],{"class":206,"line":422},18,[204,424,390],{"class":245},[204,426,345],{"class":210},[204,428,348],{"class":214},[204,430,351],{"class":210},[204,432,354],{"class":245},[204,434,345],{"class":210},[204,436,437],{"class":214}," \" woke up\"",[204,439,351],{"class":210},[204,441,364],{"class":245},[204,443,445],{"class":206,"line":444},19,[204,446,447],{"class":245},"  }\n",[204,449,451],{"class":206,"line":450},20,[204,452,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,454,456],{"class":206,"line":455},21,[204,457,459],{"class":458},"s8-w5","  \u002F\u002F Do processing...\n",[204,461,463,465,467,469,471,473,475,478,480],{"class":206,"line":462},22,[204,464,342],{"class":245},[204,466,345],{"class":210},[204,468,348],{"class":214},[204,470,351],{"class":210},[204,472,354],{"class":245},[204,474,345],{"class":210},[204,476,477],{"class":214}," \" is processing...\"",[204,479,351],{"class":210},[204,481,364],{"class":245},[204,483,485,488,491],{"class":206,"line":484},23,[204,486,487],{"class":245},"  currentStep",[204,489,490],{"class":210},"++",[204,492,310],{"class":245},[204,494,496],{"class":206,"line":495},24,[204,497,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,499,501],{"class":206,"line":500},25,[204,502,503],{"class":458},"  \u002F\u002F Signal awaiting task.\n",[204,505,507,510,513],{"class":206,"line":506},26,[204,508,509],{"class":245},"  cond.",[204,511,512],{"class":274},"notify_one",[204,514,515],{"class":245},"();\n",[204,517,519],{"class":206,"line":518},27,[204,520,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,539,541],{"class":206,"line":523},28,[204,525,342],{"class":245},[204,527,345],{"class":210},[204,529,348],{"class":214},[204,531,351],{"class":210},[204,533,354],{"class":245},[204,535,345],{"class":210},[204,537,538],{"class":214}," \" is exiting...\"",[204,540,351],{"class":210},[204,542,364],{"class":245},[204,544,546],{"class":206,"line":545},29,[204,547,548],{"class":245},"}\n",[204,550,552],{"class":206,"line":551},30,[204,553,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,555,557,560,563],{"class":206,"line":556},31,[204,558,559],{"class":270},"int",[204,561,562],{"class":274}," main",[204,564,565],{"class":245},"() {\n",[204,567,569,572,574,577,579,582],{"class":206,"line":568},32,[204,570,571],{"class":245},"  constexpr ",[204,573,281],{"class":270},[204,575,576],{"class":245}," numThreads ",[204,578,303],{"class":210},[204,580,581],{"class":306}," 5",[204,583,310],{"class":245},[204,585,587,590,594],{"class":206,"line":586},33,[204,588,589],{"class":245},"  std::thread ",[204,591,593],{"class":592},"sOrwc","threads",[204,595,596],{"class":245},"[numThreads];\n",[204,598,600],{"class":206,"line":599},34,[204,601,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,603,605],{"class":206,"line":604},35,[204,606,607],{"class":458},"  \u002F\u002F Create threads.\n",[204,609,611,614,617,619,622,624,626,629,631,634,636],{"class":206,"line":610},36,[204,612,613],{"class":210},"  for",[204,615,616],{"class":245}," (",[204,618,281],{"class":270},[204,620,621],{"class":245}," i ",[204,623,303],{"class":210},[204,625,307],{"class":306},[204,627,628],{"class":245},"; i ",[204,630,319],{"class":210},[204,632,633],{"class":245}," numThreads; ",[204,635,490],{"class":210},[204,637,638],{"class":245},"i) {\n",[204,640,642,645,648,650,653],{"class":206,"line":641},37,[204,643,644],{"class":592},"    threads",[204,646,647],{"class":245},"[i] ",[204,649,303],{"class":210},[204,651,652],{"class":274}," std::thread",[204,654,655],{"class":245},"(run_step, i);\n",[204,657,659],{"class":206,"line":658},38,[204,660,447],{"class":245},[204,662,664],{"class":206,"line":663},39,[204,665,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,667,669],{"class":206,"line":668},40,[204,670,671],{"class":458},"  \u002F\u002F Wait for all threads to complete.\n",[204,673,675,677,679,681,683,685,688,690,692,695,698],{"class":206,"line":674},41,[204,676,613],{"class":210},[204,678,616],{"class":245},[204,680,281],{"class":270},[204,682,621],{"class":245},[204,684,303],{"class":210},[204,686,687],{"class":245}," numThreads; i ",[204,689,381],{"class":210},[204,691,307],{"class":306},[204,693,694],{"class":245},"; ",[204,696,697],{"class":210},"--",[204,699,638],{"class":245},[204,701,703,705,708,711,714,717,720],{"class":206,"line":702},42,[204,704,644],{"class":592},[204,706,707],{"class":245},"[i ",[204,709,710],{"class":210},"-",[204,712,713],{"class":306}," 1",[204,715,716],{"class":245},"].",[204,718,719],{"class":274},"join",[204,721,515],{"class":245},[204,723,725],{"class":206,"line":724},43,[204,726,447],{"class":245},[204,728,730],{"class":206,"line":729},44,[204,731,548],{"class":245},[39,733,734,735,737],{},"In this example, all threads share a single condition variable. Each thread has its own distinct condition predicate because each thread requires ",[65,736,179],{}," to have a different value before proceeding. When the condition variable is signaled, any of the waiting threads can wake up. The following table illustrates a possible scenario in which the liveness property is violated. If, by chance, the notified thread is not the thread with the next step value, that thread will wait again. No additional notifications can occur, and eventually the pool of available threads will be exhausted.",[39,739,740],{},[741,742,743],"strong",{},"Deadlock: Out-of-Sequence Step Value",[745,746,749],"table",{"className":747},[748],"wrapped",[750,751,752,787,814,839,862,885,907,930],"tbody",{},[753,754,757,763,775,782],"tr",{"className":755},[756],"header",[758,759,760],"th",{},[39,761,762],{},"Time",[758,764,765],{},[39,766,767,768,771,772,173],{},"Thread #",[769,770],"br",{},"\n( ",[65,773,774],{},"       my_step      ",[758,776,777],{},[39,778,779],{},[65,780,781],{},"       current_step      ",[758,783,784],{},[39,785,786],{},"Action",[753,788,791,797,802,806],{"className":789},[790],"odd",[792,793,794],"td",{},[39,795,796],{},"0",[792,798,799],{},[39,800,801],{},"3",[792,803,804],{},[39,805,796],{},[792,807,808],{},[39,809,810,811],{},"Thread 3 executes the first time: the predicate is ",[65,812,813],{},"       false -> wait()      ",[753,815,818,823,828,832],{"className":816},[817],"even",[792,819,820],{},[39,821,822],{},"1",[792,824,825],{},[39,826,827],{},"2",[792,829,830],{},[39,831,796],{},[792,833,834],{},[39,835,836,837],{},"Thread 2 executes the first time: the predicate is ",[65,838,813],{},[753,840,842,846,851,855],{"className":841},[790],[792,843,844],{},[39,845,827],{},[792,847,848],{},[39,849,850],{},"4",[792,852,853],{},[39,854,796],{},[792,856,857],{},[39,858,859,860],{},"Thread 4 executes the first time: the predicate is ",[65,861,813],{},[753,863,865,869,873,877],{"className":864},[817],[792,866,867],{},[39,868,801],{},[792,870,871],{},[39,872,796],{},[792,874,875],{},[39,876,796],{},[792,878,879],{},[39,880,881,882],{},"Thread 0 executes the first time: the predicate is ",[65,883,884],{},"       true -> currentStep++; notify_one()      ",[753,886,888,892,896,900],{"className":887},[790],[792,889,890],{},[39,891,850],{},[792,893,894],{},[39,895,822],{},[792,897,898],{},[39,899,822],{},[792,901,902],{},[39,903,904,905],{},"Thread 1 executes the first time: the predicate is ",[65,906,884],{},[753,908,910,915,919,923],{"className":909},[817],[792,911,912],{},[39,913,914],{},"5",[792,916,917],{},[39,918,801],{},[792,920,921],{},[39,922,827],{},[792,924,925],{},[39,926,927,928],{},"Thread 3 wakes up (scheduler choice): the predicate is ",[65,929,813],{},[753,931,933,938,943,947],{"className":932},[790],[792,934,935],{},[39,936,937],{},"6",[792,939,940],{},[39,941,942],{},"—",[792,944,945],{},[39,946,942],{},[792,948,949],{},[39,950,951,954],{},[741,952,953],{},"Thread exhaustion!"," There are no more threads to run, and a conditional variable signal is needed to wake up the others.",[39,956,957],{},"This noncompliant code example violates the liveness property.",[167,959,961,962,173],{"id":960},"compliant-solution-notify_all","Compliant Solution ( ",[65,963,121],{},[39,965,966,967,969,970,973],{},"This compliant solution uses ",[65,968,121],{}," to signal all waiting threads instead of a single random thread. Only the ",[65,971,972],{},"run_step()"," thread code from the noncompliant code example is modified.",[191,975,977],{"quality":976},"good",[195,978,980],{"className":197,"code":979,"language":199,"meta":200,"style":200},"#include \u003Ccondition_variable>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cmutex>\n#include \u003Cthread>\n\nstd::mutex mutex;\nstd::condition_variable cond;\n\nvoid run_step(size_t myStep) {\n  static size_t currentStep = 0;\n  std::unique_lock\u003Cstd::mutex> lk(mutex);\n\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" has the lock\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n\n  while (currentStep != myStep) {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" is sleeping...\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    cond.wait(lk);\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" woke up\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n  }\n\n  \u002F\u002F Do processing ...\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" is processing...\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n  currentStep++;\n\n  \u002F\u002F Signal ALL waiting tasks.\n  cond.notify_all();\n\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" is exiting...\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n \n\u002F\u002F ... main() unchanged ...\n",[65,981,982,988,994,1000,1006,1010,1014,1018,1022,1036,1050,1064,1068,1088,1092,1102,1122,1130,1150,1154,1158,1163,1183,1191,1195,1200,1209,1213,1233,1237,1241],{"__ignoreMap":200},[204,983,984,986],{"class":206,"line":207},[204,985,211],{"class":210},[204,987,215],{"class":214},[204,989,990,992],{"class":206,"line":218},[204,991,211],{"class":210},[204,993,223],{"class":214},[204,995,996,998],{"class":206,"line":226},[204,997,211],{"class":210},[204,999,231],{"class":214},[204,1001,1002,1004],{"class":206,"line":234},[204,1003,211],{"class":210},[204,1005,239],{"class":214},[204,1007,1008],{"class":206,"line":242},[204,1009,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1011,1012],{"class":206,"line":249},[204,1013,252],{"class":245},[204,1015,1016],{"class":206,"line":255},[204,1017,258],{"class":245},[204,1019,1020],{"class":206,"line":261},[204,1021,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1023,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034],{"class":206,"line":267},[204,1025,271],{"class":270},[204,1027,275],{"class":274},[204,1029,278],{"class":245},[204,1031,281],{"class":270},[204,1033,285],{"class":284},[204,1035,288],{"class":245},[204,1037,1038,1040,1042,1044,1046,1048],{"class":206,"line":291},[204,1039,294],{"class":210},[204,1041,297],{"class":270},[204,1043,300],{"class":245},[204,1045,303],{"class":210},[204,1047,307],{"class":306},[204,1049,310],{"class":245},[204,1051,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062],{"class":206,"line":313},[204,1053,316],{"class":245},[204,1055,319],{"class":210},[204,1057,322],{"class":245},[204,1059,325],{"class":210},[204,1061,328],{"class":274},[204,1063,331],{"class":245},[204,1065,1066],{"class":206,"line":334},[204,1067,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1069,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084,1086],{"class":206,"line":339},[204,1071,342],{"class":245},[204,1073,345],{"class":210},[204,1075,348],{"class":214},[204,1077,351],{"class":210},[204,1079,354],{"class":245},[204,1081,345],{"class":210},[204,1083,359],{"class":214},[204,1085,351],{"class":210},[204,1087,364],{"class":245},[204,1089,1090],{"class":206,"line":367},[204,1091,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1093,1094,1096,1098,1100],{"class":206,"line":372},[204,1095,375],{"class":210},[204,1097,378],{"class":245},[204,1099,381],{"class":210},[204,1101,384],{"class":245},[204,1103,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120],{"class":206,"line":387},[204,1105,390],{"class":245},[204,1107,345],{"class":210},[204,1109,348],{"class":214},[204,1111,351],{"class":210},[204,1113,354],{"class":245},[204,1115,345],{"class":210},[204,1117,403],{"class":214},[204,1119,351],{"class":210},[204,1121,364],{"class":245},[204,1123,1124,1126,1128],{"class":206,"line":410},[204,1125,413],{"class":245},[204,1127,416],{"class":274},[204,1129,419],{"class":245},[204,1131,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148],{"class":206,"line":422},[204,1133,390],{"class":245},[204,1135,345],{"class":210},[204,1137,348],{"class":214},[204,1139,351],{"class":210},[204,1141,354],{"class":245},[204,1143,345],{"class":210},[204,1145,437],{"class":214},[204,1147,351],{"class":210},[204,1149,364],{"class":245},[204,1151,1152],{"class":206,"line":444},[204,1153,447],{"class":245},[204,1155,1156],{"class":206,"line":450},[204,1157,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1159,1160],{"class":206,"line":455},[204,1161,1162],{"class":458},"  \u002F\u002F Do processing ...\n",[204,1164,1165,1167,1169,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181],{"class":206,"line":462},[204,1166,342],{"class":245},[204,1168,345],{"class":210},[204,1170,348],{"class":214},[204,1172,351],{"class":210},[204,1174,354],{"class":245},[204,1176,345],{"class":210},[204,1178,477],{"class":214},[204,1180,351],{"class":210},[204,1182,364],{"class":245},[204,1184,1185,1187,1189],{"class":206,"line":484},[204,1186,487],{"class":245},[204,1188,490],{"class":210},[204,1190,310],{"class":245},[204,1192,1193],{"class":206,"line":495},[204,1194,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1196,1197],{"class":206,"line":500},[204,1198,1199],{"class":458},"  \u002F\u002F Signal ALL waiting tasks.\n",[204,1201,1202,1204,1207],{"class":206,"line":506},[204,1203,509],{"class":245},[204,1205,1206],{"class":274},"notify_all",[204,1208,515],{"class":245},[204,1210,1211],{"class":206,"line":518},[204,1212,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1214,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231],{"class":206,"line":523},[204,1216,342],{"class":245},[204,1218,345],{"class":210},[204,1220,348],{"class":214},[204,1222,351],{"class":210},[204,1224,354],{"class":245},[204,1226,345],{"class":210},[204,1228,538],{"class":214},[204,1230,351],{"class":210},[204,1232,364],{"class":245},[204,1234,1235],{"class":206,"line":545},[204,1236,548],{"class":245},[204,1238,1239],{"class":206,"line":551},[204,1240,246],{"class":245},[204,1242,1243],{"class":206,"line":556},[204,1244,1245],{"class":458},"\u002F\u002F ... main() unchanged ...\n",[39,1247,1248],{},"Awakening all threads guarantees the liveness property because each thread will execute its condition predicate test, and exactly one will succeed and continue execution.",[167,1250,1252,1253,1255],{"id":1251},"compliant-solution-using-notify_one-with-a-unique-condition-variable-per-thread","Compliant Solution (Using ",[65,1254,115],{}," with a Unique Condition Variable per Thread)",[39,1257,1258,1259,1261,1262,1264],{},"Another compliant solution is to use a unique condition variable for each thread (all associated with the same mutex). In this case, ",[65,1260,115],{}," wakes up only the thread that is waiting on it. This solution is more efficient than using ",[65,1263,121],{}," because only the desired thread is awakened.",[39,1266,1267],{},"The condition predicate of the signaled thread must be true; otherwise, a deadlock will occur.",[191,1269,1270],{"quality":976},[195,1271,1273],{"className":197,"code":1272,"language":199,"meta":200,"style":200},"#include \u003Ccondition_variable>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cmutex>\n#include \u003Cthread>\n\nconstexpr size_t numThreads = 5;\n\nstd::mutex mutex;\nstd::condition_variable cond[numThreads];\n\nvoid run_step(size_t myStep) {\n  static size_t currentStep = 0;\n  std::unique_lock\u003Cstd::mutex> lk(mutex);\n\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" has the lock\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n\n  while (currentStep != myStep) {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" is sleeping...\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    cond[myStep].wait(lk);\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" woke up\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n  }\n\n  \u002F\u002F Do processing ...\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" is processing...\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n  currentStep++;\n\n  \u002F\u002F Signal next step thread.\n  if ((myStep + 1) \u003C numThreads) {\n    cond[myStep + 1].notify_one();\n  }\n\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Thread \" \u003C\u003C myStep \u003C\u003C \" is exiting...\" \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F ... main() unchanged ...\n",[65,1274,1275,1281,1287,1293,1299,1303,1318,1322,1326,1336,1340,1354,1368,1382,1386,1406,1410,1420,1440,1452,1472,1476,1480,1484,1504,1512,1516,1521,1542,1559,1563,1567,1587,1591,1595],{"__ignoreMap":200},[204,1276,1277,1279],{"class":206,"line":207},[204,1278,211],{"class":210},[204,1280,215],{"class":214},[204,1282,1283,1285],{"class":206,"line":218},[204,1284,211],{"class":210},[204,1286,223],{"class":214},[204,1288,1289,1291],{"class":206,"line":226},[204,1290,211],{"class":210},[204,1292,231],{"class":214},[204,1294,1295,1297],{"class":206,"line":234},[204,1296,211],{"class":210},[204,1298,239],{"class":214},[204,1300,1301],{"class":206,"line":242},[204,1302,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1304,1305,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316],{"class":206,"line":249},[204,1306,1307],{"class":245},"constexpr ",[204,1309,281],{"class":270},[204,1311,576],{"class":245},[204,1313,303],{"class":210},[204,1315,581],{"class":306},[204,1317,310],{"class":245},[204,1319,1320],{"class":206,"line":255},[204,1321,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1323,1324],{"class":206,"line":261},[204,1325,252],{"class":245},[204,1327,1328,1331,1334],{"class":206,"line":267},[204,1329,1330],{"class":245},"std::condition_variable ",[204,1332,1333],{"class":592},"cond",[204,1335,596],{"class":245},[204,1337,1338],{"class":206,"line":291},[204,1339,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1341,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352],{"class":206,"line":313},[204,1343,271],{"class":270},[204,1345,275],{"class":274},[204,1347,278],{"class":245},[204,1349,281],{"class":270},[204,1351,285],{"class":284},[204,1353,288],{"class":245},[204,1355,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366],{"class":206,"line":334},[204,1357,294],{"class":210},[204,1359,297],{"class":270},[204,1361,300],{"class":245},[204,1363,303],{"class":210},[204,1365,307],{"class":306},[204,1367,310],{"class":245},[204,1369,1370,1372,1374,1376,1378,1380],{"class":206,"line":339},[204,1371,316],{"class":245},[204,1373,319],{"class":210},[204,1375,322],{"class":245},[204,1377,325],{"class":210},[204,1379,328],{"class":274},[204,1381,331],{"class":245},[204,1383,1384],{"class":206,"line":367},[204,1385,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1387,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404],{"class":206,"line":372},[204,1389,342],{"class":245},[204,1391,345],{"class":210},[204,1393,348],{"class":214},[204,1395,351],{"class":210},[204,1397,354],{"class":245},[204,1399,345],{"class":210},[204,1401,359],{"class":214},[204,1403,351],{"class":210},[204,1405,364],{"class":245},[204,1407,1408],{"class":206,"line":387},[204,1409,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1411,1412,1414,1416,1418],{"class":206,"line":410},[204,1413,375],{"class":210},[204,1415,378],{"class":245},[204,1417,381],{"class":210},[204,1419,384],{"class":245},[204,1421,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1434,1436,1438],{"class":206,"line":422},[204,1423,390],{"class":245},[204,1425,345],{"class":210},[204,1427,348],{"class":214},[204,1429,351],{"class":210},[204,1431,354],{"class":245},[204,1433,345],{"class":210},[204,1435,403],{"class":214},[204,1437,351],{"class":210},[204,1439,364],{"class":245},[204,1441,1442,1445,1448,1450],{"class":206,"line":444},[204,1443,1444],{"class":592},"    cond",[204,1446,1447],{"class":245},"[myStep].",[204,1449,416],{"class":274},[204,1451,419],{"class":245},[204,1453,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470],{"class":206,"line":450},[204,1455,390],{"class":245},[204,1457,345],{"class":210},[204,1459,348],{"class":214},[204,1461,351],{"class":210},[204,1463,354],{"class":245},[204,1465,345],{"class":210},[204,1467,437],{"class":214},[204,1469,351],{"class":210},[204,1471,364],{"class":245},[204,1473,1474],{"class":206,"line":455},[204,1475,447],{"class":245},[204,1477,1478],{"class":206,"line":462},[204,1479,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1481,1482],{"class":206,"line":484},[204,1483,1162],{"class":458},[204,1485,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502],{"class":206,"line":495},[204,1487,342],{"class":245},[204,1489,345],{"class":210},[204,1491,348],{"class":214},[204,1493,351],{"class":210},[204,1495,354],{"class":245},[204,1497,345],{"class":210},[204,1499,477],{"class":214},[204,1501,351],{"class":210},[204,1503,364],{"class":245},[204,1505,1506,1508,1510],{"class":206,"line":500},[204,1507,487],{"class":245},[204,1509,490],{"class":210},[204,1511,310],{"class":245},[204,1513,1514],{"class":206,"line":506},[204,1515,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1517,1518],{"class":206,"line":518},[204,1519,1520],{"class":458},"  \u002F\u002F Signal next step thread.\n",[204,1522,1523,1526,1529,1532,1534,1537,1539],{"class":206,"line":523},[204,1524,1525],{"class":210},"  if",[204,1527,1528],{"class":245}," ((myStep ",[204,1530,1531],{"class":210},"+",[204,1533,713],{"class":306},[204,1535,1536],{"class":245},") ",[204,1538,319],{"class":210},[204,1540,1541],{"class":245}," numThreads) {\n",[204,1543,1544,1546,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557],{"class":206,"line":545},[204,1545,1444],{"class":592},[204,1547,1548],{"class":245},"[myStep ",[204,1550,1531],{"class":210},[204,1552,713],{"class":306},[204,1554,716],{"class":245},[204,1556,512],{"class":274},[204,1558,515],{"class":245},[204,1560,1561],{"class":206,"line":551},[204,1562,447],{"class":245},[204,1564,1565],{"class":206,"line":556},[204,1566,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1568,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585],{"class":206,"line":568},[204,1570,342],{"class":245},[204,1572,345],{"class":210},[204,1574,348],{"class":214},[204,1576,351],{"class":210},[204,1578,354],{"class":245},[204,1580,345],{"class":210},[204,1582,538],{"class":214},[204,1584,351],{"class":210},[204,1586,364],{"class":245},[204,1588,1589],{"class":206,"line":586},[204,1590,548],{"class":245},[204,1592,1593],{"class":206,"line":599},[204,1594,264],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[204,1596,1597],{"class":206,"line":604},[204,1598,1245],{"class":458},[167,1600,1602],{"id":1601},"risk-assessment","Risk Assessment",[39,1604,1605,1606,1610],{},"Failing to preserve the thread safety and liveness of a program when using condition variables can lead to indefinite blocking and ",[43,1607,1609],{"href":1608},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-denial-of-service","denial of service"," (DoS).",[745,1612,1613,1614,1613,1642],{},"\n  ",[1615,1616,1617,1618,1613],"thead",{},"\n    ",[753,1619,1620,1621,1620,1624,1620,1627,1620,1630,1620,1633,1620,1636,1620,1639,1617],{},"\n      ",[758,1622,1623],{},"Rule",[758,1625,1626],{},"Severity",[758,1628,1629],{},"Likelihood",[758,1631,1632],{},"Detectable",[758,1634,1635],{},"Repairable",[758,1637,1638],{},"Priority",[758,1640,1641],{},"Level",[750,1643,1617,1644,1613],{},[753,1645,1620,1646,1620,1649,1620,1652,1620,1655,1620,1658,1620,1661,1620,1668,1617],{},[792,1647,1648],{},"CON55-CPP",[792,1650,1651],{},"Low",[792,1653,1654],{},"Unlikely",[792,1656,1657],{},"No",[792,1659,1660],{},"Yes",[792,1662,1664],{"style":1663},"color: #27ae60;",[1665,1666,1667],"b",{},"P2",[792,1669,1670],{"style":1663},[1665,1671,1672],{},"L3",[167,1674,1676],{"id":1675},"automated-detection","Automated Detection",[745,1678,1682,1698],{"className":1679,"style":1681},[748,1680],"relative-table","width: 104.432%;",[1683,1684,1685,1689,1692,1695],"colgroup",{},[1686,1687],"col",{"style":1688},"width: 14%",[1686,1690],{"style":1691},"width: 22%",[1686,1693],{"style":1694},"width: 19%",[1686,1696],{"style":1697},"width: 43%",[750,1699,1700,1723,1752,1778,1801,1829],{},[753,1701,1703,1708,1713,1718],{"className":1702},[756],[758,1704,1705],{},[39,1706,1707],{},"Tool",[758,1709,1710],{},[39,1711,1712],{},"Version",[758,1714,1715],{},[39,1716,1717],{},"Checker",[758,1719,1720],{},[39,1721,1722],{},"Description",[753,1724,1726,1732,1740,1747],{"className":1725},[790],[792,1727,1728],{},[43,1729,1731],{"href":1730},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fcodesonar","CodeSonar",[792,1733,1734],{},[1735,1736,1739],"div",{"className":1737},[1738],"content-wrapper","9.1p0",[792,1741,1742],{},[39,1743,1744],{},[741,1745,1746],{},"CONCURRENCY.BADFUNC.CNDSIGNAL",[792,1748,1749],{},[39,1750,1751],{},"Use of Condition Variable Signal",[753,1753,1755,1761,1769,1774],{"className":1754},[817],[792,1756,1757],{},[43,1758,1760],{"href":1759},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fhelix-qac","Helix QAC",[792,1762,1763],{},[1735,1764,1766],{"className":1765},[1738],[39,1767,1768],{},"2025.2",[792,1770,1771],{},[741,1772,1773],{},"C++1778, C++1779",[792,1775,1776],{},[769,1777],{},[753,1779,1781,1787,1792,1797],{"className":1780},[790],[792,1782,1783],{},[43,1784,1786],{"href":1785},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fklocwork","Klocwork",[792,1788,1789],{},[1735,1790,1768],{"className":1791},[1738],[792,1793,1794],{},[741,1795,1796],{},"CERT.CONC.UNSAFE_COND_VAR",[792,1798,1799],{},[769,1800],{},[753,1802,1804,1810,1817,1824],{"className":1803},[817],[792,1805,1806],{},[43,1807,1809],{"href":1808},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fparasoft","Parasoft C\u002FC++test",[792,1811,1812],{},[1735,1813,1815],{"className":1814},[1738],[39,1816,1768],{},[792,1818,1819],{},[39,1820,1821],{},[741,1822,1823],{},"CERT_CPP-CON55-a",[792,1825,1826],{},[39,1827,1828],{},"Do not use the 'notify_one()' function when 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Do not speculatively lock a non-recursive mutex that is already owned by the calling thread","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F8.con56-cpp",[2046],{"title":1927,"path":2047,"stem":2048,"children":2049},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F1.index",[2050,2051,2118,2513,2730,2740],{"title":1927,"path":2047,"stem":2048},{"title":2052,"path":2053,"stem":2054,"children":2055},"Front 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this Coding Standard Is Organized","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fhow-this-coding-standard-is-organized","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F05.how-this-coding-standard-is-organized",{"title":2080,"path":2081,"stem":2082},"Relation to the CERT C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Frelation-to-the-cert-c-coding-standard","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F06.relation-to-the-cert-c-coding-standard",{"title":2084,"path":2085,"stem":2086},"Rules Versus Recommendations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Frules-versus-recommendations","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F07.rules-versus-recommendations",{"title":2088,"path":2089,"stem":2090},"Tool Selection and Validation","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Ftool-selection-and-validation","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F08.tool-selection-and-validation",{"title":2092,"path":2093,"stem":2094},"Conformance Testing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fconformance-testing","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F09.conformance-testing",{"title":2096,"path":2097,"stem":2098},"Development Process","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fdevelopment-process","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F10.development-process",{"title":2100,"path":2101,"stem":2102},"System 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Regulations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fgovernment-regulations","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F13.government-regulations",{"title":2112,"path":2113,"stem":2114},"Acknowledgments","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Facknowledgments","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F14.acknowledgments",{"title":1676,"path":2116,"stem":2117},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fautomated-detection","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F15.automated-detection",{"title":2119,"path":2120,"stem":2121,"children":2122},"Rules","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F01.index",[2123,2124,2146,2171,2213,2263,2321,2383,2397,2407,2445,2471],{"title":2119,"path":2120,"stem":2121},{"title":2125,"path":2126,"stem":2127,"children":2128},"Characters 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Guarantee that storage for strings has sufficient space for character data and the null terminator","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F2.str50-cpp",{"title":2135,"path":2136,"stem":2137},"STR52-CPP. Use valid references, pointers, and iterators to reference elements of a basic_string","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F3.str52-cpp",{"title":2139,"path":2140,"stem":2141},"STR53-CPP. Range check element access","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F4.str53-cpp",{"title":2143,"path":2144,"stem":2145},"string from a null pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstring-from-a-null-pointer","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F5.string-from-a-null-pointer",{"title":2147,"path":2148,"stem":2149,"children":2150},"Concurrency (CON)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F1.index",[2151,2152,2156,2160,2164,2168,2169,2170],{"title":2147,"path":2148,"stem":2149},{"title":2153,"path":2154,"stem":2155},"CON50-CPP. 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Use valid references, pointers, and iterators to reference elements of a container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F03.ctr51-cpp",{"title":2186,"path":2187,"stem":2188},"CTR52-CPP. Guarantee that library functions do not overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F04.ctr52-cpp",{"title":2190,"path":2191,"stem":2192},"CTR53-CPP. Use valid iterator ranges","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F05.ctr53-cpp",{"title":2194,"path":2195,"stem":2196},"CTR54-CPP. Do not subtract iterators that do not refer to the same container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F06.ctr54-cpp",{"title":2198,"path":2199,"stem":2200},"CTR55-CPP. Do not use an additive operator on an iterator if the result would overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F07.ctr55-cpp",{"title":2202,"path":2203,"stem":2204},"CTR56-CPP. Do not use pointer arithmetic on polymorphic objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F08.ctr56-cpp",{"title":2206,"path":2207,"stem":2208},"CTR57-CPP. Provide a valid ordering predicate","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F09.ctr57-cpp",{"title":2210,"path":2211,"stem":2212},"CTR58-CPP. Predicate function objects should not be mutable","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F10.ctr58-cpp",{"title":2214,"path":2215,"stem":2216,"children":2217},"Declarations and Initialization (DCL)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F01.index",[2218,2219,2223,2227,2231,2235,2239,2243,2247,2251,2255,2259],{"title":2214,"path":2215,"stem":2216},{"title":2220,"path":2221,"stem":2222},"DCL50-CPP. Do not define a C-style variadic function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F02.dcl50-cpp",{"title":2224,"path":2225,"stem":2226},"DCL51-CPP. Do not declare or define a reserved identifier","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F03.dcl51-cpp",{"title":2228,"path":2229,"stem":2230},"DCL52-CPP. Never qualify a reference type with const or volatile","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F04.dcl52-cpp",{"title":2232,"path":2233,"stem":2234},"DCL53-CPP. Do not write syntactically ambiguous declarations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F05.dcl53-cpp",{"title":2236,"path":2237,"stem":2238},"DCL54-CPP. Overload allocation and deallocation functions as a pair in the same scope","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F06.dcl54-cpp",{"title":2240,"path":2241,"stem":2242},"DCL55-CPP. Avoid information leakage when passing a class object across a trust boundary","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F07.dcl55-cpp",{"title":2244,"path":2245,"stem":2246},"DCL56-CPP. Avoid cycles during initialization of static objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F08.dcl56-cpp",{"title":2248,"path":2249,"stem":2250},"DCL57-CPP. Do not let exceptions escape from destructors or deallocation functions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F09.dcl57-cpp",{"title":2252,"path":2253,"stem":2254},"DCL58-CPP. Do not modify the standard namespaces","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F10.dcl58-cpp",{"title":2256,"path":2257,"stem":2258},"DCL59-CPP. Do not define an unnamed namespace in a header file","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F11.dcl59-cpp",{"title":2260,"path":2261,"stem":2262},"DCL60-CPP. Obey the one-definition rule","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F12.dcl60-cpp",{"title":2264,"path":2265,"stem":2266,"children":2267},"Exceptions and Error Handling (ERR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F01.index",[2268,2269,2273,2277,2281,2285,2289,2293,2297,2301,2305,2309,2313,2317],{"title":2264,"path":2265,"stem":2266},{"title":2270,"path":2271,"stem":2272},"ERR50-CPP. Do not abruptly terminate the program","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F02.err50-cpp",{"title":2274,"path":2275,"stem":2276},"ERR51-CPP. Handle all exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F03.err51-cpp",{"title":2278,"path":2279,"stem":2280},"ERR52-CPP. Do not use setjmp() or longjmp()","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F04.err52-cpp",{"title":2282,"path":2283,"stem":2284},"ERR53-CPP. Do not reference base classes or class data members in a constructor or destructor function-try-block handler","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F05.err53-cpp",{"title":2286,"path":2287,"stem":2288},"ERR54-CPP. Catch handlers should order their parameter types from most derived to least derived","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F06.err54-cpp",{"title":2290,"path":2291,"stem":2292},"ERR55-CPP. Honor exception specifications","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F07.err55-cpp",{"title":2294,"path":2295,"stem":2296},"ERR56-CPP. Guarantee exception safety","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F08.err56-cpp",{"title":2298,"path":2299,"stem":2300},"ERR57-CPP. Do not leak resources when handling exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F09.err57-cpp",{"title":2302,"path":2303,"stem":2304},"ERR58-CPP. Handle all exceptions thrown before main() begins executing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F10.err58-cpp",{"title":2306,"path":2307,"stem":2308},"ERR59-CPP. Do not throw an exception across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F11.err59-cpp",{"title":2310,"path":2311,"stem":2312},"ERR60-CPP. Exception objects must be nothrow copy constructible","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F12.err60-cpp",{"title":2314,"path":2315,"stem":2316},"ERR61-CPP. Catch exceptions by lvalue reference","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F13.err61-cpp",{"title":2318,"path":2319,"stem":2320},"ERR62-CPP. Detect errors when converting a string to a number","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F14.err62-cpp",{"title":2322,"path":2323,"stem":2324,"children":2325},"Expressions (EXP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F01.index",[2326,2327,2331,2335,2339,2343,2347,2351,2355,2359,2363,2367,2371,2375,2379],{"title":2322,"path":2323,"stem":2324},{"title":2328,"path":2329,"stem":2330},"EXP50-CPP. Do not depend on the order of evaluation for side effects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F02.exp50-cpp",{"title":2332,"path":2333,"stem":2334},"EXP51-CPP. Do not delete an array through a pointer of the incorrect type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F03.exp51-cpp",{"title":2336,"path":2337,"stem":2338},"EXP52-CPP. Do not rely on side effects in unevaluated operands","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F04.exp52-cpp",{"title":2340,"path":2341,"stem":2342},"EXP53-CPP. Do not read uninitialized memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F05.exp53-cpp",{"title":2344,"path":2345,"stem":2346},"EXP54-CPP. Do not access an object outside of its lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F06.exp54-cpp",{"title":2348,"path":2349,"stem":2350},"EXP55-CPP. Do not access a cv-qualified object through a cv-unqualified type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F07.exp55-cpp",{"title":2352,"path":2353,"stem":2354},"EXP56-CPP. Do not call a function with a mismatched language linkage","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F08.exp56-cpp",{"title":2356,"path":2357,"stem":2358},"EXP57-CPP. Do not cast or delete pointers to incomplete classes","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F09.exp57-cpp",{"title":2360,"path":2361,"stem":2362},"EXP58-CPP. Pass an object of the correct type to va_start","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F10.exp58-cpp",{"title":2364,"path":2365,"stem":2366},"EXP59-CPP. Use offsetof() on valid types and members","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F11.exp59-cpp",{"title":2368,"path":2369,"stem":2370},"EXP60-CPP. Do not pass a nonstandard-layout type object across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F12.exp60-cpp",{"title":2372,"path":2373,"stem":2374},"EXP61-CPP. A lambda object must not outlive any of its reference captured objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F13.exp61-cpp",{"title":2376,"path":2377,"stem":2378},"EXP62-CPP. Do not access the bits of an object representation that are not part of the object's value representation","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F14.exp62-cpp",{"title":2380,"path":2381,"stem":2382},"EXP63-CPP. Do not rely on the value of a moved-from object","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp63-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F15.exp63-cpp",{"title":2384,"path":2385,"stem":2386,"children":2387},"Input Output (FIO)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F1.index",[2388,2389,2393],{"title":2384,"path":2385,"stem":2386},{"title":2390,"path":2391,"stem":2392},"FIO50-CPP. Do not alternately input and output from a file stream without an intervening positioning call","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F2.fio50-cpp",{"title":2394,"path":2395,"stem":2396},"FIO51-CPP. Close files when they are no longer needed","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F3.fio51-cpp",{"title":2398,"path":2399,"stem":2400,"children":2401},"Integers (INT)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F1.index",[2402,2403],{"title":2398,"path":2399,"stem":2400},{"title":2404,"path":2405,"stem":2406},"INT50-CPP. Do not cast to an out-of-range enumeration value","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F2.int50-cpp",{"title":2408,"path":2409,"stem":2410,"children":2411},"Memory Management (MEM)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F1.index",[2412,2413,2417,2421,2425,2429,2433,2437,2441],{"title":2408,"path":2409,"stem":2410},{"title":2414,"path":2415,"stem":2416},"MEM50-CPP. Do not access freed memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F2.mem50-cpp",{"title":2418,"path":2419,"stem":2420},"MEM51-CPP. Properly deallocate dynamically allocated resources","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F3.mem51-cpp",{"title":2422,"path":2423,"stem":2424},"MEM52-CPP. Detect and handle memory allocation errors","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F4.mem52-cpp",{"title":2426,"path":2427,"stem":2428},"MEM53-CPP. Explicitly construct and destruct objects when manually managing object lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F5.mem53-cpp",{"title":2430,"path":2431,"stem":2432},"MEM54-CPP. Provide placement new with properly aligned pointers to sufficient storage capacity","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F6.mem54-cpp",{"title":2434,"path":2435,"stem":2436},"MEM55-CPP. Honor replacement dynamic storage management requirements","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F7.mem55-cpp",{"title":2438,"path":2439,"stem":2440},"MEM56-CPP. Do not store an already-owned pointer value in an unrelated smart pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F8.mem56-cpp",{"title":2442,"path":2443,"stem":2444},"MEM57-CPP. Avoid using default operator new for over-aligned types","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F9.mem57-cpp",{"title":2446,"path":2447,"stem":2448,"children":2449},"Miscellaneous (MSC)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F1.index",[2450,2451,2455,2459,2463,2467],{"title":2446,"path":2447,"stem":2448},{"title":2452,"path":2453,"stem":2454},"MSC51-CPP. Ensure your random number generator is properly seeded","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F2.msc51-cpp",{"title":2456,"path":2457,"stem":2458},"MSC52-CPP. Value-returning functions must return a value from all exit paths","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F3.msc52-cpp",{"title":2460,"path":2461,"stem":2462},"MSC53-CPP. Do not return from a function declared [[noreturn]]","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F4.msc53-cpp",{"title":2464,"path":2465,"stem":2466},"MSC54-CPP. 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