[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1896},["ShallowReactive",2],{"global-navigation":3,"page-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr51-cpp":28,"surround-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr51-cpp":1200,"sidebar-sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard":1206},[4,8],{"title":5,"path":6,"_path":6,"fromAppConfig":7},"Home","\u002F",true,{"title":9,"path":10,"children":11,"_path":27,"fromAppConfig":7},"Coding Standards","\u002Fcoding-standards\u002F",[12,15,18,21,24],{"title":13,"path":14},"Android Coding Standard","\u002Fandroid-secure-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":16,"path":17},"C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":19,"path":20},"C++ Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":22,"path":23},"Java Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-oracle-coding-standard-for-java\u002F",{"title":25,"path":26},"Perl Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-perl-coding-standard\u002F","\u002Fcoding-standards",{"id":29,"title":30,"body":31,"description":1186,"extension":1187,"meta":1188,"navigation":7,"path":1196,"seo":1197,"stem":1198,"__hash__":1199},"content\u002F5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F03.err51-cpp.md","ERR51-CPP. Handle all exceptions",{"type":32,"value":33,"toc":1175},"minimark",[34,38,48,62,101,104,116,121,138,243,247,253,357,360,372,473,476,482,602,606,616,682,686,1030,1034,1048,1052,1062,1091,1095,1148,1151,1171],[35,36,30],"h1",{"id":37},"err51-cpp-handle-all-exceptions",[39,40,41,42,47],"p",{},"When an exception is thrown, control is transferred to the nearest handler with a type that matches the type of the exception thrown. If no matching handler is directly found within the handlers for a try block in which the exception is thrown, the search for a matching handler continues to dynamically search for handlers in the surrounding try blocks of the same thread. The C++ Standard, [except.handle], paragraph 9 [ ",[43,44,46],"a",{"href":45},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Faa-bibliography#AA.Bibliography-ISO\u002FIEC14882-2014","ISO\u002FIEC 14882-2014"," ], states the following:",[49,50,51],"blockquote",{},[39,52,53,54,58,59,61],{},"If no matching handler is found, the function ",[55,56,57],"code",{},"std::terminate()"," is called; whether or not the stack is unwound before this call to ",[55,60,57],{}," is implementation-defined.",[39,63,64,65,67,68,71,72,76,77,79,80,84,85,87,88,92,93,95,96,100],{},"The default terminate handler called by ",[55,66,57],{}," calls ",[55,69,70],{},"std::abort()"," , which ",[43,73,75],{"href":74},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-abnormaltermination","abnormally terminates"," the process. When ",[55,78,70],{}," is called, or if the ",[43,81,83],{"href":82},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-implementation","implementation"," does not unwind the stack prior to calling ",[55,86,57],{}," , destructors for objects may not be called and external resources can be left in an indeterminate state. Abnormal process termination is the typical vector for ",[43,89,91],{"href":90},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-denial-of-service","denial-of-service"," attacks. For more information on implicitly calling ",[55,94,57],{}," , see ",[43,97,99],{"href":98},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr50-cpp","ERR50-CPP. Do not abruptly terminate the program"," .",[39,102,103],{},"All exceptions thrown by an application must be caught by a matching exception handler. Even if the exception cannot be gracefully recovered from, using the matching exception handler ensures that the stack will be properly unwound and provides an opportunity to gracefully manage external resources before terminating the process.",[39,105,106,107,111,112,115],{},"As per ",[108,109,110],"strong",{},"ERR50-CPP-EX1"," , a program that encounters an unrecoverable exception may explicitly catch the exception and terminate, but it may not allow the exception to remain uncaught. One possible solution to comply with this rule, as well as with ERR50-CPP, is for the ",[55,113,114],{},"main()"," function to catch all exceptions. While this does not generally allow the application to recover from the exception gracefully, it does allow the application to terminate in a controlled fashion.",[117,118,120],"h2",{"id":119},"noncompliant-code-example","Noncompliant Code Example",[39,122,123,124,127,128,130,131,134,135,137],{},"In this noncompliant code example, neither ",[55,125,126],{},"f()"," nor ",[55,129,114],{}," catch exceptions thrown by ",[55,132,133],{},"throwing_func()"," . Because no matching handler can be found for the exception thrown, ",[55,136,57],{}," is called.",[139,140,142],"code-block",{"quality":141},"bad",[143,144,149],"pre",{"className":145,"code":146,"language":147,"meta":148,"style":148},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","void throwing_func() noexcept(false);\n \nvoid f() {\n  throwing_func();\n}\n \nint main() {\n  f();\n}\n","cpp","",[55,150,151,182,188,199,208,214,219,230,238],{"__ignoreMap":148},[152,153,156,160,164,168,172,175,179],"span",{"class":154,"line":155},"line",1,[152,157,159],{"class":158},"sq6CD","void",[152,161,163],{"class":162},"srTi1"," throwing_func",[152,165,167],{"class":166},"sMOD_","() ",[152,169,171],{"class":170},"sC2Qs","noexcept",[152,173,174],{"class":166},"(",[152,176,178],{"class":177},"s7F3e","false",[152,180,181],{"class":166},");\n",[152,183,185],{"class":154,"line":184},2,[152,186,187],{"class":166}," \n",[152,189,191,193,196],{"class":154,"line":190},3,[152,192,159],{"class":158},[152,194,195],{"class":162}," f",[152,197,198],{"class":166},"() {\n",[152,200,202,205],{"class":154,"line":201},4,[152,203,204],{"class":162},"  throwing_func",[152,206,207],{"class":166},"();\n",[152,209,211],{"class":154,"line":210},5,[152,212,213],{"class":166},"}\n",[152,215,217],{"class":154,"line":216},6,[152,218,187],{"class":166},[152,220,222,225,228],{"class":154,"line":221},7,[152,223,224],{"class":158},"int",[152,226,227],{"class":162}," main",[152,229,198],{"class":166},[152,231,233,236],{"class":154,"line":232},8,[152,234,235],{"class":162},"  f",[152,237,207],{"class":166},[152,239,241],{"class":154,"line":240},9,[152,242,213],{"class":166},[117,244,246],{"id":245},"compliant-solution","Compliant Solution",[39,248,249,250,252],{},"In this compliant solution, the main entry point handles all exceptions, which ensures that the stack is unwound up to the ",[55,251,114],{}," function and allows for graceful management of external resources.",[139,254,256],{"quality":255},"good",[143,257,259],{"className":145,"code":258,"language":147,"meta":148,"style":148},"void throwing_func() noexcept(false);\n \nvoid f() {\n  throwing_func();\n}\n \nint main() {\n  try {\n    f();\n  } catch (...) {\n    \u002F\u002F Handle error\n  }\n}\n",[55,260,261,277,282,290,296,300,304,312,320,327,339,346,352],{"__ignoreMap":148},[152,262,263,265,267,269,271,273,275],{"class":154,"line":155},[152,264,159],{"class":158},[152,266,163],{"class":162},[152,268,167],{"class":166},[152,270,171],{"class":170},[152,272,174],{"class":166},[152,274,178],{"class":177},[152,276,181],{"class":166},[152,278,279],{"class":154,"line":184},[152,280,281],{"class":166}," \n",[152,283,284,286,288],{"class":154,"line":190},[152,285,159],{"class":158},[152,287,195],{"class":162},[152,289,198],{"class":166},[152,291,292,294],{"class":154,"line":201},[152,293,204],{"class":162},[152,295,207],{"class":166},[152,297,298],{"class":154,"line":210},[152,299,213],{"class":166},[152,301,302],{"class":154,"line":216},[152,303,281],{"class":166},[152,305,306,308,310],{"class":154,"line":221},[152,307,224],{"class":158},[152,309,227],{"class":162},[152,311,198],{"class":166},[152,313,314,317],{"class":154,"line":232},[152,315,316],{"class":170},"  try",[152,318,319],{"class":166}," {\n",[152,321,322,325],{"class":154,"line":240},[152,323,324],{"class":162},"    f",[152,326,207],{"class":166},[152,328,330,333,336],{"class":154,"line":329},10,[152,331,332],{"class":166},"  } ",[152,334,335],{"class":170},"catch",[152,337,338],{"class":166}," (...) {\n",[152,340,342],{"class":154,"line":341},11,[152,343,345],{"class":344},"s8-w5","    \u002F\u002F Handle error\n",[152,347,349],{"class":154,"line":348},12,[152,350,351],{"class":166},"  }\n",[152,353,355],{"class":154,"line":354},13,[152,356,213],{"class":166},[117,358,120],{"id":359},"noncompliant-code-example-1",[39,361,362,363,366,367,369,370,137],{},"In this noncompliant code example, the thread entry point function ",[55,364,365],{},"thread_start()"," does not catch exceptions thrown by ",[55,368,133],{}," . If the initial thread function exits because an exception is thrown, ",[55,371,57],{},[139,373,374],{"quality":141},[143,375,377],{"className":145,"code":376,"language":147,"meta":148,"style":148},"#include \u003Cthread>\n\nvoid throwing_func() noexcept(false);\n \nvoid thread_start() {\n  throwing_func();\n}\n \nvoid f() {\n  std::thread t(thread_start);\n  t.join();\n}\n",[55,378,379,388,393,409,413,422,428,432,436,444,459,469],{"__ignoreMap":148},[152,380,381,384],{"class":154,"line":155},[152,382,383],{"class":170},"#include",[152,385,387],{"class":386},"sstjo"," \u003Cthread>\n",[152,389,390],{"class":154,"line":184},[152,391,392],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},"\n",[152,394,395,397,399,401,403,405,407],{"class":154,"line":190},[152,396,159],{"class":158},[152,398,163],{"class":162},[152,400,167],{"class":166},[152,402,171],{"class":170},[152,404,174],{"class":166},[152,406,178],{"class":177},[152,408,181],{"class":166},[152,410,411],{"class":154,"line":201},[152,412,187],{"class":166},[152,414,415,417,420],{"class":154,"line":210},[152,416,159],{"class":158},[152,418,419],{"class":162}," thread_start",[152,421,198],{"class":166},[152,423,424,426],{"class":154,"line":216},[152,425,204],{"class":162},[152,427,207],{"class":166},[152,429,430],{"class":154,"line":221},[152,431,213],{"class":166},[152,433,434],{"class":154,"line":232},[152,435,187],{"class":166},[152,437,438,440,442],{"class":154,"line":240},[152,439,159],{"class":158},[152,441,195],{"class":162},[152,443,198],{"class":166},[152,445,446,450,453,456],{"class":154,"line":329},[152,447,449],{"class":448},"sz2Vg","  std",[152,451,452],{"class":166},"::thread ",[152,454,455],{"class":162},"t",[152,457,458],{"class":166},"(thread_start);\n",[152,460,461,464,467],{"class":154,"line":341},[152,462,463],{"class":166},"  t.",[152,465,466],{"class":162},"join",[152,468,207],{"class":166},[152,470,471],{"class":154,"line":348},[152,472,213],{"class":166},[117,474,246],{"id":475},"compliant-solution-1",[39,477,478,479,481],{},"In this compliant solution, the ",[55,480,365],{}," handles all exceptions and does not rethrow, allowing the thread to terminate normally.",[139,483,484],{"quality":255},[143,485,487],{"className":145,"code":486,"language":147,"meta":148,"style":148},"#include \u003Cthread>\n\nvoid throwing_func() noexcept(false);\n\nvoid thread_start(void) {\n  try {\n    throwing_func();\n  } catch (...) {\n    \u002F\u002F Handle error\n  }\n}\n\nvoid f() {\n  std::thread t(thread_start);\n  t.join();\n}\n",[55,488,489,495,499,515,519,532,538,545,553,557,561,565,569,577,588,597],{"__ignoreMap":148},[152,490,491,493],{"class":154,"line":155},[152,492,383],{"class":170},[152,494,387],{"class":386},[152,496,497],{"class":154,"line":184},[152,498,392],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[152,500,501,503,505,507,509,511,513],{"class":154,"line":190},[152,502,159],{"class":158},[152,504,163],{"class":162},[152,506,167],{"class":166},[152,508,171],{"class":170},[152,510,174],{"class":166},[152,512,178],{"class":177},[152,514,181],{"class":166},[152,516,517],{"class":154,"line":201},[152,518,392],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[152,520,521,523,525,527,529],{"class":154,"line":210},[152,522,159],{"class":158},[152,524,419],{"class":162},[152,526,174],{"class":166},[152,528,159],{"class":158},[152,530,531],{"class":166},") {\n",[152,533,534,536],{"class":154,"line":216},[152,535,316],{"class":170},[152,537,319],{"class":166},[152,539,540,543],{"class":154,"line":221},[152,541,542],{"class":162},"    throwing_func",[152,544,207],{"class":166},[152,546,547,549,551],{"class":154,"line":232},[152,548,332],{"class":166},[152,550,335],{"class":170},[152,552,338],{"class":166},[152,554,555],{"class":154,"line":240},[152,556,345],{"class":344},[152,558,559],{"class":154,"line":329},[152,560,351],{"class":166},[152,562,563],{"class":154,"line":341},[152,564,213],{"class":166},[152,566,567],{"class":154,"line":348},[152,568,392],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[152,570,571,573,575],{"class":154,"line":354},[152,572,159],{"class":158},[152,574,195],{"class":162},[152,576,198],{"class":166},[152,578,580,582,584,586],{"class":154,"line":579},14,[152,581,449],{"class":448},[152,583,452],{"class":166},[152,585,455],{"class":162},[152,587,458],{"class":166},[152,589,591,593,595],{"class":154,"line":590},15,[152,592,463],{"class":166},[152,594,466],{"class":162},[152,596,207],{"class":166},[152,598,600],{"class":154,"line":599},16,[152,601,213],{"class":166},[117,603,605],{"id":604},"risk-assessment","Risk Assessment",[39,607,608,609,612,613,100],{},"Allowing the application to ",[43,610,611],{"href":74},"abnormally terminate"," can lead to resources not being freed, closed, and so on. It is frequently a vector for ",[43,614,615],{"href":90},"denial-of-service attacks",[617,618,619,620,619,650],"table",{},"\n  ",[621,622,623,624,619],"thead",{},"\n    ",[625,626,627,628,627,632,627,635,627,638,627,641,627,644,627,647,623],"tr",{},"\n      ",[629,630,631],"th",{},"Rule",[629,633,634],{},"Severity",[629,636,637],{},"Likelihood",[629,639,640],{},"Detectable",[629,642,643],{},"Repairable",[629,645,646],{},"Priority",[629,648,649],{},"Level",[651,652,623,653,619],"tbody",{},[625,654,627,655,627,659,627,662,627,665,627,668,627,670,627,677,623],{},[656,657,658],"td",{},"ERR51-CPP",[656,660,661],{},"Low",[656,663,664],{},"Probable",[656,666,667],{},"Yes",[656,669,667],{},[656,671,673],{"style":672},"color: #f1c40f;",[674,675,676],"b",{},"P6",[656,678,679],{"style":672},[674,680,681],{},"L2",[117,683,685],{"id":684},"automated-detection","Automated 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Do not speculatively lock a non-recursive mutex that is already owned by the calling thread","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F8.con56-cpp",{"title":1343,"path":1344,"stem":1345,"children":1346},"Containers (CTR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F01.index",[1347,1348,1352,1356,1360,1364,1368,1372,1376,1380],{"title":1343,"path":1344,"stem":1345},{"title":1349,"path":1350,"stem":1351},"CTR50-CPP. Guarantee that container indices and iterators are within the valid range","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F02.ctr50-cpp",{"title":1353,"path":1354,"stem":1355},"CTR51-CPP. Use valid references, pointers, and iterators to reference elements of a container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F03.ctr51-cpp",{"title":1357,"path":1358,"stem":1359},"CTR52-CPP. Guarantee that library functions do not overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F04.ctr52-cpp",{"title":1361,"path":1362,"stem":1363},"CTR53-CPP. Use valid iterator ranges","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F05.ctr53-cpp",{"title":1365,"path":1366,"stem":1367},"CTR54-CPP. Do not subtract iterators that do not refer to the same container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F06.ctr54-cpp",{"title":1369,"path":1370,"stem":1371},"CTR55-CPP. Do not use an additive operator on an iterator if the result would overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F07.ctr55-cpp",{"title":1373,"path":1374,"stem":1375},"CTR56-CPP. Do not use pointer arithmetic on polymorphic objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F08.ctr56-cpp",{"title":1377,"path":1378,"stem":1379},"CTR57-CPP. Provide a valid ordering predicate","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F09.ctr57-cpp",{"title":1381,"path":1382,"stem":1383},"CTR58-CPP. Predicate function objects should not be mutable","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F10.ctr58-cpp",{"title":1385,"path":1386,"stem":1387,"children":1388},"Declarations and Initialization (DCL)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F01.index",[1389,1390,1394,1398,1402,1406,1410,1414,1418,1422,1426,1430],{"title":1385,"path":1386,"stem":1387},{"title":1391,"path":1392,"stem":1393},"DCL50-CPP. Do not define a C-style variadic function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F02.dcl50-cpp",{"title":1395,"path":1396,"stem":1397},"DCL51-CPP. Do not declare or define a reserved identifier","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F03.dcl51-cpp",{"title":1399,"path":1400,"stem":1401},"DCL52-CPP. Never qualify a reference type with const or volatile","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F04.dcl52-cpp",{"title":1403,"path":1404,"stem":1405},"DCL53-CPP. Do not write syntactically ambiguous declarations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F05.dcl53-cpp",{"title":1407,"path":1408,"stem":1409},"DCL54-CPP. Overload allocation and deallocation functions as a pair in the same scope","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F06.dcl54-cpp",{"title":1411,"path":1412,"stem":1413},"DCL55-CPP. Avoid information leakage when passing a class object across a trust boundary","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F07.dcl55-cpp",{"title":1415,"path":1416,"stem":1417},"DCL56-CPP. Avoid cycles during initialization of static objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F08.dcl56-cpp",{"title":1419,"path":1420,"stem":1421},"DCL57-CPP. Do not let exceptions escape from destructors or deallocation functions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F09.dcl57-cpp",{"title":1423,"path":1424,"stem":1425},"DCL58-CPP. Do not modify the standard namespaces","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F10.dcl58-cpp",{"title":1427,"path":1428,"stem":1429},"DCL59-CPP. Do not define an unnamed namespace in a header file","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F11.dcl59-cpp",{"title":1431,"path":1432,"stem":1433},"DCL60-CPP. Obey the one-definition rule","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F12.dcl60-cpp",{"title":1435,"path":1436,"stem":1437,"children":1438},"Exceptions and Error Handling (ERR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F01.index",[1439,1440,1441,1442,1443,1447,1451,1455,1459,1463,1467,1471,1475,1479],{"title":1435,"path":1436,"stem":1437},{"title":99,"path":98,"stem":1202},{"title":30,"path":1196,"stem":1198},{"title":1204,"path":1167,"stem":1205},{"title":1444,"path":1445,"stem":1446},"ERR53-CPP. Do not reference base classes or class data members in a constructor or destructor function-try-block handler","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F05.err53-cpp",{"title":1448,"path":1449,"stem":1450},"ERR54-CPP. Catch handlers should order their parameter types from most derived to least derived","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F06.err54-cpp",{"title":1452,"path":1453,"stem":1454},"ERR55-CPP. Honor exception specifications","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F07.err55-cpp",{"title":1456,"path":1457,"stem":1458},"ERR56-CPP. Guarantee exception safety","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F08.err56-cpp",{"title":1460,"path":1461,"stem":1462},"ERR57-CPP. Do not leak resources when handling exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F09.err57-cpp",{"title":1464,"path":1465,"stem":1466},"ERR58-CPP. Handle all exceptions thrown before main() begins executing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F10.err58-cpp",{"title":1468,"path":1469,"stem":1470},"ERR59-CPP. Do not throw an exception across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F11.err59-cpp",{"title":1472,"path":1473,"stem":1474},"ERR60-CPP. Exception objects must be nothrow copy constructible","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F12.err60-cpp",{"title":1476,"path":1477,"stem":1478},"ERR61-CPP. Catch exceptions by lvalue reference","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F13.err61-cpp",{"title":1480,"path":1481,"stem":1482},"ERR62-CPP. Detect errors when converting a string to a number","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F14.err62-cpp",{"title":1484,"path":1485,"stem":1486,"children":1487},"Expressions (EXP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F01.index",[1488,1489,1493,1497,1501,1505,1509,1513,1517,1521,1525,1529,1533,1537,1541],{"title":1484,"path":1485,"stem":1486},{"title":1490,"path":1491,"stem":1492},"EXP50-CPP. Do not depend on the order of evaluation for side effects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F02.exp50-cpp",{"title":1494,"path":1495,"stem":1496},"EXP51-CPP. Do not delete an array through a pointer of the incorrect type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F03.exp51-cpp",{"title":1498,"path":1499,"stem":1500},"EXP52-CPP. Do not rely on side effects in unevaluated operands","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F04.exp52-cpp",{"title":1502,"path":1503,"stem":1504},"EXP53-CPP. Do not read uninitialized memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F05.exp53-cpp",{"title":1506,"path":1507,"stem":1508},"EXP54-CPP. Do not access an object outside of its lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F06.exp54-cpp",{"title":1510,"path":1511,"stem":1512},"EXP55-CPP. Do not access a cv-qualified object through a cv-unqualified type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F07.exp55-cpp",{"title":1514,"path":1515,"stem":1516},"EXP56-CPP. Do not call a function with a mismatched language linkage","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F08.exp56-cpp",{"title":1518,"path":1519,"stem":1520},"EXP57-CPP. Do not cast or delete pointers to incomplete classes","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F09.exp57-cpp",{"title":1522,"path":1523,"stem":1524},"EXP58-CPP. Pass an object of the correct type to va_start","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F10.exp58-cpp",{"title":1526,"path":1527,"stem":1528},"EXP59-CPP. Use offsetof() on valid types and members","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F11.exp59-cpp",{"title":1530,"path":1531,"stem":1532},"EXP60-CPP. Do not pass a nonstandard-layout type object across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F12.exp60-cpp",{"title":1534,"path":1535,"stem":1536},"EXP61-CPP. A lambda object must not outlive any of its reference captured objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F13.exp61-cpp",{"title":1538,"path":1539,"stem":1540},"EXP62-CPP. Do not access the bits of an object representation that are not part of the object's value representation","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F14.exp62-cpp",{"title":1542,"path":1543,"stem":1544},"EXP63-CPP. Do not rely on the value of a moved-from object","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp63-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F15.exp63-cpp",{"title":1546,"path":1547,"stem":1548,"children":1549},"Input Output (FIO)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F1.index",[1550,1551,1555],{"title":1546,"path":1547,"stem":1548},{"title":1552,"path":1553,"stem":1554},"FIO50-CPP. Do not alternately input and output from a file stream without an intervening positioning call","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F2.fio50-cpp",{"title":1556,"path":1557,"stem":1558},"FIO51-CPP. Close files when they are no longer needed","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F3.fio51-cpp",{"title":1560,"path":1561,"stem":1562,"children":1563},"Integers (INT)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F1.index",[1564,1565],{"title":1560,"path":1561,"stem":1562},{"title":1566,"path":1567,"stem":1568},"INT50-CPP. Do not cast to an out-of-range enumeration value","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F2.int50-cpp",{"title":1570,"path":1571,"stem":1572,"children":1573},"Memory Management (MEM)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F1.index",[1574,1575,1579,1583,1587,1591,1595,1599,1603],{"title":1570,"path":1571,"stem":1572},{"title":1576,"path":1577,"stem":1578},"MEM50-CPP. Do not access freed memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F2.mem50-cpp",{"title":1580,"path":1581,"stem":1582},"MEM51-CPP. Properly deallocate dynamically allocated resources","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F3.mem51-cpp",{"title":1584,"path":1585,"stem":1586},"MEM52-CPP. Detect and handle memory allocation errors","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F4.mem52-cpp",{"title":1588,"path":1589,"stem":1590},"MEM53-CPP. Explicitly construct and destruct objects when manually managing object lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F5.mem53-cpp",{"title":1592,"path":1593,"stem":1594},"MEM54-CPP. Provide placement new with properly aligned pointers to sufficient storage capacity","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F6.mem54-cpp",{"title":1596,"path":1597,"stem":1598},"MEM55-CPP. Honor replacement dynamic storage management requirements","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F7.mem55-cpp",{"title":1600,"path":1601,"stem":1602},"MEM56-CPP. Do not store an already-owned pointer value in an unrelated smart pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F8.mem56-cpp",{"title":1604,"path":1605,"stem":1606},"MEM57-CPP. Avoid using default operator new for over-aligned types","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F9.mem57-cpp",{"title":1608,"path":1609,"stem":1610,"children":1611},"Miscellaneous (MSC)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F1.index",[1612,1613,1617,1621,1625,1629],{"title":1608,"path":1609,"stem":1610},{"title":1614,"path":1615,"stem":1616},"MSC51-CPP. Ensure your random number generator is properly seeded","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F2.msc51-cpp",{"title":1618,"path":1619,"stem":1620},"MSC52-CPP. Value-returning functions must return a value from all exit paths","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F3.msc52-cpp",{"title":1622,"path":1623,"stem":1624},"MSC53-CPP. Do not return from a function declared [[noreturn]]","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F4.msc53-cpp",{"title":1626,"path":1627,"stem":1628},"MSC54-CPP. A signal handler must be a plain old function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F5.msc54-cpp",{"title":1630,"path":1631,"stem":1632},"rand() for generating pseudorandom numbers","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Frand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F6.rand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers",{"title":1634,"path":1635,"stem":1636,"children":1637},"Object Oriented Programming (OOP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F01.index",[1638,1639,1643,1647,1651,1655,1659,1663,1667,1671],{"title":1634,"path":1635,"stem":1636},{"title":1640,"path":1641,"stem":1642},"OOP50-CPP. 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