[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1890},["ShallowReactive",2],{"global-navigation":3,"page-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp60-cpp":28,"surround-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp60-cpp":1187,"sidebar-sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard":1194},[4,8],{"title":5,"path":6,"_path":6,"fromAppConfig":7},"Home","\u002F",true,{"title":9,"path":10,"children":11,"_path":27,"fromAppConfig":7},"Coding Standards","\u002Fcoding-standards\u002F",[12,15,18,21,24],{"title":13,"path":14},"Android Coding Standard","\u002Fandroid-secure-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":16,"path":17},"C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":19,"path":20},"C++ Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":22,"path":23},"Java Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-oracle-coding-standard-for-java\u002F",{"title":25,"path":26},"Perl Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-perl-coding-standard\u002F","\u002Fcoding-standards",{"id":29,"title":30,"body":31,"description":1171,"extension":1172,"meta":1173,"navigation":7,"path":1183,"seo":1184,"stem":1185,"__hash__":1186},"content\u002F5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F12.exp60-cpp.md","EXP60-CPP. Do not pass a nonstandard-layout type object across execution boundaries",{"type":32,"value":33,"toc":1159},"minimark",[34,38,48,67,80,93,110,113,118,136,293,296,300,310,458,461,488,602,605,612,787,791,798,864,868,1049,1054,1068,1072,1099,1103,1130,1133,1155],[35,36,30],"h1",{"id":37},"exp60-cpp-do-not-pass-a-nonstandard-layout-type-object-across-execution-boundaries",[39,40,41,42,47],"p",{},"Standard-layout types can be used to communicate with code written in other programming languages, as the layout of the type is strictly specified. The C++ Standard, [class], paragraph 7 [ ",[43,44,46],"a",{"href":45},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Faa-bibliography#AA.Bibliography-ISO\u002FIEC14882-2014","ISO\u002FIEC 14882-2014"," ], defines a standard-layout class as a class that",[49,50,51,55,58,61,64],"ul",{},[52,53,54],"li",{},"does not have virtual functions,",[52,56,57],{},"has the same access control for all nonstatic data members,",[52,59,60],{},"has no base classes of the same type as the first nonstatic data member,",[52,62,63],{},"has nonstatic data members declared in only one class within the class hierarchy, and",[52,65,66],{},"recursively, does not have nonstatic data members of nonstandard-layout type.",[39,68,69,70,74,75,79],{},"An ",[71,72,73],"em",{},"execution boundary"," is the delimitation between code compiled by differing compilers, including different versions of a compiler produced by the same vendor. For instance, a function may be declared in a header file but defined in a library that is loaded at runtime. The execution boundary exists between the call site in the executable and the function implementation in the library. Such boundaries are also called ",[43,76,78],{"href":77},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-applicationbinaryinterface","ABI"," (application binary interface) boundaries because they relate to the interoperability of application binaries.",[39,81,82,83,87,88,92],{},"Do not make any assumptions about the specific layout of objects with nonstandard-layout types. For objects compiled by one compiler that are referenced by code compiled by a different compiler, such assumptions cause correctness and portability concerns. The layout of the object generated by the first compiler is not guaranteed to be identical to the layout generated by the second compiler, even if both compilers are ",[43,84,86],{"href":85},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-conformingprogram","conforming"," C++ ",[43,89,91],{"href":90},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-implementation","implementations"," . However, some implementations may document binary compatibility guarantees that can be relied on for passing nonstandard-layout objects between execution boundaries.",[39,94,95,96,100,101,104,105,109],{},"A special instance of this guidance involves non-C++ code compiled by a different compiler, such as C standard library implementations that are exposed via the C++ standard library. C standard library functions are exposed with C++ signatures, and the type system frequently assists in ensuring that types match appropriately. This process disallows passing a pointer to a C++ object to a function expecting a ",[97,98,99],"code",{},"  char * "," without additional work to suppress the type mismatch. However, some C standard library functions accept a ",[97,102,103],{},"  void * "," for which any C++ pointer type will suffice. Passing a pointer to a nonstandard-layout type in this situation results in indeterminate behavior because it depends on the behavior of the other language as well as on the layout of the given object. For more information, see rule ",[43,106,108],{"href":107},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp56-cpp","EXP56-CPP. Do not call a function with a mismatched language linkage"," .",[39,111,112],{},"Pass a nonstandard-layout type object across execution boundaries only when both sides of the execution boundary adhere to the same ABI. This is permissible if the same version of a compiler is used to compile both sides of the execution boundary, if the compiler used to compile both sides of the execution boundary is ABI-compatible across multiple versions, or if the differing compilers document that they adhere to the same ABI.",[114,115,117],"h2",{"id":116},"noncompliant-code-example","Noncompliant Code Example",[39,119,120,121,124,125,128,129,131,132,135],{},"This noncompliant code example assumes that there is a library whose header is ",[97,122,123],{},"library.h"," , an application (represented by ",[97,126,127],{},"application.cpp"," ), and that the library and application are not ABI-compatible. Therefore, the contents of ",[97,130,123],{}," constitute an execution boundary. A nonstandard-layout type object ",[97,133,134],{},"S"," is passed across this execution boundary. The application creates an instance of an object of this type, then passes a reference to the object to a function defined by the library, crossing the execution boundary. Because the layout is not guaranteed to be compatible across the boundary, this results in unexpected behavior.",[137,138,140],"code-block",{"quality":139},"bad",[141,142,147],"pre",{"className":143,"code":144,"language":145,"meta":146,"style":146},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","\u002F\u002F library.h\nstruct S {\n  virtual void f() { \u002F* ... *\u002F }\n};\n \nvoid func(S &s); \u002F\u002F Implemented by the library, calls S::f()\n \n\u002F\u002F application.cpp\n#include \"library.h\"\n \nvoid g() {\n  S s;\n  func(s);\n}\n","cpp","",[97,148,149,158,173,196,202,208,235,240,246,256,261,272,278,287],{"__ignoreMap":146},[150,151,154],"span",{"class":152,"line":153},"line",1,[150,155,157],{"class":156},"s8-w5","\u002F\u002F library.h\n",[150,159,161,165,169],{"class":152,"line":160},2,[150,162,164],{"class":163},"sq6CD","struct",[150,166,168],{"class":167},"sz2Vg"," S",[150,170,172],{"class":171},"sMOD_"," {\n",[150,174,176,180,183,187,190,193],{"class":152,"line":175},3,[150,177,179],{"class":178},"sC2Qs","  virtual",[150,181,182],{"class":163}," void",[150,184,186],{"class":185},"srTi1"," f",[150,188,189],{"class":171},"() {",[150,191,192],{"class":156}," \u002F* ... *\u002F",[150,194,195],{"class":171}," }\n",[150,197,199],{"class":152,"line":198},4,[150,200,201],{"class":171},"};\n",[150,203,205],{"class":152,"line":204},5,[150,206,207],{"class":171}," \n",[150,209,211,214,217,220,222,225,229,232],{"class":152,"line":210},6,[150,212,213],{"class":163},"void",[150,215,216],{"class":185}," func",[150,218,219],{"class":171},"(",[150,221,134],{"class":167},[150,223,224],{"class":178}," &",[150,226,228],{"class":227},"sTHNf","s",[150,230,231],{"class":171},");",[150,233,234],{"class":156}," \u002F\u002F Implemented by the library, calls S::f()\n",[150,236,238],{"class":152,"line":237},7,[150,239,207],{"class":171},[150,241,243],{"class":152,"line":242},8,[150,244,245],{"class":156},"\u002F\u002F application.cpp\n",[150,247,249,252],{"class":152,"line":248},9,[150,250,251],{"class":178},"#include",[150,253,255],{"class":254},"sstjo"," \"library.h\"\n",[150,257,259],{"class":152,"line":258},10,[150,260,207],{"class":171},[150,262,264,266,269],{"class":152,"line":263},11,[150,265,213],{"class":163},[150,267,268],{"class":185}," g",[150,270,271],{"class":171},"() {\n",[150,273,275],{"class":152,"line":274},12,[150,276,277],{"class":171},"  S s;\n",[150,279,281,284],{"class":152,"line":280},13,[150,282,283],{"class":185},"  func",[150,285,286],{"class":171},"(s);\n",[150,288,290],{"class":152,"line":289},14,[150,291,292],{"class":171},"}\n",[39,294,295],{},"This example would be compliant if the library and the application conformed to the same ABI, either explicitly through vendor documentation or implicitly by virtue of using the same compiler version to compile both.",[114,297,299],{"id":298},"compliant-solution","Compliant Solution",[39,301,302,303,306,307,309],{},"Because the library and application do not conform to the same ABI, this compliant solution modifies the library and application to work with a standard-layout type. Furthermore, it also adds a ",[97,304,305],{},"static_assert()"," to help guard against future code changes that accidentally modify ",[97,308,134],{}," to no longer be a standard-layout type.",[137,311,313],{"quality":312},"good",[141,314,316],{"className":143,"code":315,"language":145,"meta":146,"style":146},"\u002F\u002F library.h\n#include \u003Ctype_traits>\n\nstruct S {\n  void f() { \u002F* ... *\u002F } \u002F\u002F No longer virtual\n};\nstatic_assert(std::is_standard_layout\u003CS>::value, \"S is required to be a standard layout type\");\n\nvoid func(S &s); \u002F\u002F Implemented by the library, calls S::f()\n\n\u002F\u002F application.cpp\n#include \"library.h\"\n\nvoid g() {\n  S s;\n  func(s);\n}\n",[97,317,318,322,329,334,342,359,363,393,397,415,419,423,429,433,441,446,453],{"__ignoreMap":146},[150,319,320],{"class":152,"line":153},[150,321,157],{"class":156},[150,323,324,326],{"class":152,"line":160},[150,325,251],{"class":178},[150,327,328],{"class":254}," \u003Ctype_traits>\n",[150,330,331],{"class":152,"line":175},[150,332,333],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},"\n",[150,335,336,338,340],{"class":152,"line":198},[150,337,164],{"class":163},[150,339,168],{"class":167},[150,341,172],{"class":171},[150,343,344,347,349,351,353,356],{"class":152,"line":204},[150,345,346],{"class":163},"  void",[150,348,186],{"class":185},[150,350,189],{"class":171},[150,352,192],{"class":156},[150,354,355],{"class":171}," }",[150,357,358],{"class":156}," \u002F\u002F No longer virtual\n",[150,360,361],{"class":152,"line":210},[150,362,201],{"class":171},[150,364,365,368,370,373,376,379,382,384,387,390],{"class":152,"line":237},[150,366,367],{"class":178},"static_assert",[150,369,219],{"class":171},[150,371,372],{"class":167},"std",[150,374,375],{"class":171},"::",[150,377,378],{"class":167},"is_standard_layout",[150,380,381],{"class":171},"\u003C",[150,383,134],{"class":167},[150,385,386],{"class":171},">::value, ",[150,388,389],{"class":254},"\"S is required to be a standard layout type\"",[150,391,392],{"class":171},");\n",[150,394,395],{"class":152,"line":242},[150,396,333],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[150,398,399,401,403,405,407,409,411,413],{"class":152,"line":248},[150,400,213],{"class":163},[150,402,216],{"class":185},[150,404,219],{"class":171},[150,406,134],{"class":167},[150,408,224],{"class":178},[150,410,228],{"class":227},[150,412,231],{"class":171},[150,414,234],{"class":156},[150,416,417],{"class":152,"line":258},[150,418,333],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[150,420,421],{"class":152,"line":263},[150,422,245],{"class":156},[150,424,425,427],{"class":152,"line":274},[150,426,251],{"class":178},[150,428,255],{"class":254},[150,430,431],{"class":152,"line":280},[150,432,333],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[150,434,435,437,439],{"class":152,"line":289},[150,436,213],{"class":163},[150,438,268],{"class":185},[150,440,271],{"class":171},[150,442,444],{"class":152,"line":443},15,[150,445,277],{"class":171},[150,447,449,451],{"class":152,"line":448},16,[150,450,283],{"class":185},[150,452,286],{"class":171},[150,454,456],{"class":152,"line":455},17,[150,457,292],{"class":171},[114,459,117],{"id":460},"noncompliant-code-example-1",[39,462,463,464,467,468,471,472,475,476,478,479,482,483,487],{},"In this noncompliant code example, a pointer to an object of nonstandard-layout type is passed to a function that has a ",[97,465,466],{},"\"Fortran\""," language linkage. Language linkages other than ",[97,469,470],{},"\"C\""," and ",[97,473,474],{},"\"C++\""," are conditionally supported with implementation-defined semantics [ ",[43,477,46],{"href":45}," ]. If the ",[43,480,481],{"href":90},"implementation"," does not support this language linkage, the code is ",[43,484,486],{"href":485},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-ill-formed","ill-formed"," . Assuming that the language linkage is supported, any operations performed on the object passed may result in indeterminate behavior, which could have security implications.",[137,489,490],{"quality":139},[141,491,493],{"className":143,"code":492,"language":145,"meta":146,"style":146},"struct B {\n  int i, j;\n};\n \nstruct D : B {\n  float f;\n};\n \nextern \"Fortran\" void func(void *);\n \nvoid foo(D *d) {\n  func(d);\n}\n",[97,494,495,504,512,516,520,530,538,542,546,567,571,591,598],{"__ignoreMap":146},[150,496,497,499,502],{"class":152,"line":153},[150,498,164],{"class":163},[150,500,501],{"class":167}," B",[150,503,172],{"class":171},[150,505,506,509],{"class":152,"line":160},[150,507,508],{"class":163},"  int",[150,510,511],{"class":171}," i, j;\n",[150,513,514],{"class":152,"line":175},[150,515,201],{"class":171},[150,517,518],{"class":152,"line":198},[150,519,207],{"class":171},[150,521,522,524,527],{"class":152,"line":204},[150,523,164],{"class":163},[150,525,526],{"class":167}," D",[150,528,529],{"class":171}," : B {\n",[150,531,532,535],{"class":152,"line":210},[150,533,534],{"class":163},"  float",[150,536,537],{"class":171}," f;\n",[150,539,540],{"class":152,"line":237},[150,541,201],{"class":171},[150,543,544],{"class":152,"line":242},[150,545,207],{"class":171},[150,547,548,551,554,556,558,560,562,565],{"class":152,"line":248},[150,549,550],{"class":163},"extern",[150,552,553],{"class":254}," \"Fortran\"",[150,555,182],{"class":163},[150,557,216],{"class":185},[150,559,219],{"class":171},[150,561,213],{"class":163},[150,563,564],{"class":178}," *",[150,566,392],{"class":171},[150,568,569],{"class":152,"line":258},[150,570,207],{"class":171},[150,572,573,575,578,580,583,585,588],{"class":152,"line":263},[150,574,213],{"class":163},[150,576,577],{"class":185}," foo",[150,579,219],{"class":171},[150,581,582],{"class":167},"D",[150,584,564],{"class":178},[150,586,587],{"class":227},"d",[150,589,590],{"class":171},") {\n",[150,592,593,595],{"class":152,"line":274},[150,594,283],{"class":185},[150,596,597],{"class":171},"(d);\n",[150,599,600],{"class":152,"line":280},[150,601,292],{"class":171},[114,603,299],{"id":604},"compliant-solution-1",[39,606,607,608,611],{},"In this compliant solution, the nonstandard-layout type object is serialized into a local standard-layout type object, which is then passed to the ",[97,609,610],{},"Fortran"," function.",[137,613,614],{"quality":312},[141,615,617],{"className":143,"code":616,"language":145,"meta":146,"style":146},"struct B {\n  int i, j;\n};\n\nstruct D : B {\n  float f;\n};\n\nextern \"Fortran\" void func(void *);\n\nvoid foo(D *d) {\n  struct {\n    int i, j;\n    float f;\n  } temp;\n \n  temp.i = d->i;\n  temp.j = d->j;\n  temp.f = d->f;\n\n  func(&temp);\n}\n",[97,618,619,627,633,637,641,649,655,659,663,681,685,701,708,715,722,727,731,742,753,764,769,782],{"__ignoreMap":146},[150,620,621,623,625],{"class":152,"line":153},[150,622,164],{"class":163},[150,624,501],{"class":167},[150,626,172],{"class":171},[150,628,629,631],{"class":152,"line":160},[150,630,508],{"class":163},[150,632,511],{"class":171},[150,634,635],{"class":152,"line":175},[150,636,201],{"class":171},[150,638,639],{"class":152,"line":198},[150,640,333],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[150,642,643,645,647],{"class":152,"line":204},[150,644,164],{"class":163},[150,646,526],{"class":167},[150,648,529],{"class":171},[150,650,651,653],{"class":152,"line":210},[150,652,534],{"class":163},[150,654,537],{"class":171},[150,656,657],{"class":152,"line":237},[150,658,201],{"class":171},[150,660,661],{"class":152,"line":242},[150,662,333],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[150,664,665,667,669,671,673,675,677,679],{"class":152,"line":248},[150,666,550],{"class":163},[150,668,553],{"class":254},[150,670,182],{"class":163},[150,672,216],{"class":185},[150,674,219],{"class":171},[150,676,213],{"class":163},[150,678,564],{"class":178},[150,680,392],{"class":171},[150,682,683],{"class":152,"line":258},[150,684,333],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[150,686,687,689,691,693,695,697,699],{"class":152,"line":263},[150,688,213],{"class":163},[150,690,577],{"class":185},[150,692,219],{"class":171},[150,694,582],{"class":167},[150,696,564],{"class":178},[150,698,587],{"class":227},[150,700,590],{"class":171},[150,702,703,706],{"class":152,"line":274},[150,704,705],{"class":163}," 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Range check element access","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F4.str53-cpp",{"title":1293,"path":1294,"stem":1295},"string from a null pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstring-from-a-null-pointer","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F5.string-from-a-null-pointer",{"title":1297,"path":1298,"stem":1299,"children":1300},"Concurrency (CON)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F1.index",[1301,1302,1306,1310,1314,1318,1322,1326],{"title":1297,"path":1298,"stem":1299},{"title":1303,"path":1304,"stem":1305},"CON50-CPP. Do not destroy a mutex while it is locked","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F2.con50-cpp",{"title":1307,"path":1308,"stem":1309},"CON51-CPP. Ensure actively held locks are released on exceptional conditions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F3.con51-cpp",{"title":1311,"path":1312,"stem":1313},"CON52-CPP. Prevent data races when accessing bit-fields from multiple threads","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F4.con52-cpp",{"title":1315,"path":1316,"stem":1317},"CON53-CPP. Avoid deadlock by locking in a predefined order","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F5.con53-cpp",{"title":1319,"path":1320,"stem":1321},"CON54-CPP. Wrap functions that can spuriously wake up in a loop","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F6.con54-cpp",{"title":1323,"path":1324,"stem":1325},"CON55-CPP. Preserve thread safety and liveness when using condition variables","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F7.con55-cpp",{"title":1327,"path":1328,"stem":1329},"CON56-CPP. Do not speculatively lock a non-recursive mutex that is already owned by the calling thread","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F8.con56-cpp",{"title":1331,"path":1332,"stem":1333,"children":1334},"Containers (CTR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F01.index",[1335,1336,1340,1344,1348,1352,1356,1360,1364,1368],{"title":1331,"path":1332,"stem":1333},{"title":1337,"path":1338,"stem":1339},"CTR50-CPP. Guarantee that container indices and iterators are within the valid range","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F02.ctr50-cpp",{"title":1341,"path":1342,"stem":1343},"CTR51-CPP. Use valid references, pointers, and iterators to reference elements of a container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F03.ctr51-cpp",{"title":1345,"path":1346,"stem":1347},"CTR52-CPP. Guarantee that library functions do not overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F04.ctr52-cpp",{"title":1349,"path":1350,"stem":1351},"CTR53-CPP. Use valid iterator ranges","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F05.ctr53-cpp",{"title":1353,"path":1354,"stem":1355},"CTR54-CPP. Do not subtract iterators that do not refer to the same container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F06.ctr54-cpp",{"title":1357,"path":1358,"stem":1359},"CTR55-CPP. Do not use an additive operator on an iterator if the result would overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F07.ctr55-cpp",{"title":1361,"path":1362,"stem":1363},"CTR56-CPP. Do not use pointer arithmetic on polymorphic objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F08.ctr56-cpp",{"title":1365,"path":1366,"stem":1367},"CTR57-CPP. Provide a valid ordering predicate","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F09.ctr57-cpp",{"title":1369,"path":1370,"stem":1371},"CTR58-CPP. Predicate function objects should not be mutable","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F10.ctr58-cpp",{"title":1373,"path":1374,"stem":1375,"children":1376},"Declarations and Initialization (DCL)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F01.index",[1377,1378,1382,1386,1390,1394,1398,1402,1406,1410,1414,1418],{"title":1373,"path":1374,"stem":1375},{"title":1379,"path":1380,"stem":1381},"DCL50-CPP. Do not define a C-style variadic function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F02.dcl50-cpp",{"title":1383,"path":1384,"stem":1385},"DCL51-CPP. Do not declare or define a reserved identifier","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F03.dcl51-cpp",{"title":1387,"path":1388,"stem":1389},"DCL52-CPP. Never qualify a reference type with const or volatile","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F04.dcl52-cpp",{"title":1391,"path":1392,"stem":1393},"DCL53-CPP. Do not write syntactically ambiguous declarations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F05.dcl53-cpp",{"title":1395,"path":1396,"stem":1397},"DCL54-CPP. Overload allocation and deallocation functions as a pair in the same scope","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F06.dcl54-cpp",{"title":1399,"path":1400,"stem":1401},"DCL55-CPP. Avoid information leakage when passing a class object across a trust boundary","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F07.dcl55-cpp",{"title":1403,"path":1404,"stem":1405},"DCL56-CPP. Avoid cycles during initialization of static objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F08.dcl56-cpp",{"title":1407,"path":1408,"stem":1409},"DCL57-CPP. Do not let exceptions escape from destructors or deallocation functions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F09.dcl57-cpp",{"title":1411,"path":1412,"stem":1413},"DCL58-CPP. Do not modify the standard namespaces","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F10.dcl58-cpp",{"title":1415,"path":1416,"stem":1417},"DCL59-CPP. Do not define an unnamed namespace in a header file","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F11.dcl59-cpp",{"title":1419,"path":1420,"stem":1421},"DCL60-CPP. Obey the one-definition rule","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F12.dcl60-cpp",{"title":1423,"path":1424,"stem":1425,"children":1426},"Exceptions and Error Handling (ERR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F01.index",[1427,1428,1432,1436,1440,1444,1448,1452,1456,1460,1464,1468,1472,1476],{"title":1423,"path":1424,"stem":1425},{"title":1429,"path":1430,"stem":1431},"ERR50-CPP. Do not abruptly terminate the program","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F02.err50-cpp",{"title":1433,"path":1434,"stem":1435},"ERR51-CPP. Handle all exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F03.err51-cpp",{"title":1437,"path":1438,"stem":1439},"ERR52-CPP. Do not use setjmp() or longjmp()","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F04.err52-cpp",{"title":1441,"path":1442,"stem":1443},"ERR53-CPP. Do not reference base classes or class data members in a constructor or destructor function-try-block handler","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F05.err53-cpp",{"title":1445,"path":1446,"stem":1447},"ERR54-CPP. Catch handlers should order their parameter types from most derived to least derived","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F06.err54-cpp",{"title":1449,"path":1450,"stem":1451},"ERR55-CPP. Honor exception specifications","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F07.err55-cpp",{"title":1453,"path":1454,"stem":1455},"ERR56-CPP. Guarantee exception safety","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F08.err56-cpp",{"title":1457,"path":1458,"stem":1459},"ERR57-CPP. Do not leak resources when handling exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F09.err57-cpp",{"title":1461,"path":1462,"stem":1463},"ERR58-CPP. Handle all exceptions thrown before main() begins executing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F10.err58-cpp",{"title":1465,"path":1466,"stem":1467},"ERR59-CPP. Do not throw an exception across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F11.err59-cpp",{"title":1469,"path":1470,"stem":1471},"ERR60-CPP. Exception objects must be nothrow copy constructible","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F12.err60-cpp",{"title":1473,"path":1474,"stem":1475},"ERR61-CPP. Catch exceptions by lvalue reference","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F13.err61-cpp",{"title":1477,"path":1478,"stem":1479},"ERR62-CPP. Detect errors when converting a string to a number","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F14.err62-cpp",{"title":1481,"path":1482,"stem":1483,"children":1484},"Expressions (EXP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F01.index",[1485,1486,1490,1494,1498,1502,1506,1510,1512,1516,1518,1519,1520,1521,1525],{"title":1481,"path":1482,"stem":1483},{"title":1487,"path":1488,"stem":1489},"EXP50-CPP. Do not depend on the order of evaluation for side effects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F02.exp50-cpp",{"title":1491,"path":1492,"stem":1493},"EXP51-CPP. Do not delete an array through a pointer of the incorrect type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F03.exp51-cpp",{"title":1495,"path":1496,"stem":1497},"EXP52-CPP. Do not rely on side effects in unevaluated operands","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F04.exp52-cpp",{"title":1499,"path":1500,"stem":1501},"EXP53-CPP. Do not read uninitialized memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F05.exp53-cpp",{"title":1503,"path":1504,"stem":1505},"EXP54-CPP. Do not access an object outside of its lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F06.exp54-cpp",{"title":1507,"path":1508,"stem":1509},"EXP55-CPP. Do not access a cv-qualified object through a cv-unqualified type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F07.exp55-cpp",{"title":108,"path":107,"stem":1511},"5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F08.exp56-cpp",{"title":1513,"path":1514,"stem":1515},"EXP57-CPP. Do not cast or delete pointers to incomplete classes","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F09.exp57-cpp",{"title":1098,"path":1097,"stem":1517},"5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F10.exp58-cpp",{"title":1189,"path":1137,"stem":1190},{"title":30,"path":1183,"stem":1185},{"title":1192,"path":1151,"stem":1193},{"title":1522,"path":1523,"stem":1524},"EXP62-CPP. Do not access the bits of an object representation that are not part of the object's value representation","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F14.exp62-cpp",{"title":1526,"path":1527,"stem":1528},"EXP63-CPP. Do not rely on the value of a moved-from object","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp63-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F15.exp63-cpp",{"title":1530,"path":1531,"stem":1532,"children":1533},"Input Output (FIO)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F1.index",[1534,1535,1539],{"title":1530,"path":1531,"stem":1532},{"title":1536,"path":1537,"stem":1538},"FIO50-CPP. Do not alternately input and output from a file stream without an intervening positioning call","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F2.fio50-cpp",{"title":1540,"path":1541,"stem":1542},"FIO51-CPP. Close files when they are no longer needed","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F3.fio51-cpp",{"title":1544,"path":1545,"stem":1546,"children":1547},"Integers (INT)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F1.index",[1548,1549],{"title":1544,"path":1545,"stem":1546},{"title":1550,"path":1551,"stem":1552},"INT50-CPP. Do not cast to an out-of-range enumeration value","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F2.int50-cpp",{"title":1554,"path":1555,"stem":1556,"children":1557},"Memory Management (MEM)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F1.index",[1558,1559,1563,1567,1571,1575,1579,1583,1587],{"title":1554,"path":1555,"stem":1556},{"title":1560,"path":1561,"stem":1562},"MEM50-CPP. Do not access freed memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F2.mem50-cpp",{"title":1564,"path":1565,"stem":1566},"MEM51-CPP. Properly deallocate dynamically allocated resources","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F3.mem51-cpp",{"title":1568,"path":1569,"stem":1570},"MEM52-CPP. Detect and handle memory allocation errors","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F4.mem52-cpp",{"title":1572,"path":1573,"stem":1574},"MEM53-CPP. Explicitly construct and destruct objects when manually managing object lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F5.mem53-cpp",{"title":1576,"path":1577,"stem":1578},"MEM54-CPP. 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