[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1807},["ShallowReactive",2],{"global-navigation":3,"page-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp61-cpp":28,"surround-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp61-cpp":1105,"sidebar-sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard":1112},[4,8],{"title":5,"path":6,"_path":6,"fromAppConfig":7},"Home","\u002F",true,{"title":9,"path":10,"children":11,"_path":27,"fromAppConfig":7},"Coding Standards","\u002Fcoding-standards\u002F",[12,15,18,21,24],{"title":13,"path":14},"Android Coding Standard","\u002Fandroid-secure-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":16,"path":17},"C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":19,"path":20},"C++ Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":22,"path":23},"Java Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-oracle-coding-standard-for-java\u002F",{"title":25,"path":26},"Perl Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-perl-coding-standard\u002F","\u002Fcoding-standards",{"id":29,"title":30,"body":31,"description":1089,"extension":1090,"meta":1091,"navigation":7,"path":1101,"seo":1102,"stem":1103,"__hash__":1104},"content\u002F5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F13.exp61-cpp.md","EXP61-CPP. A lambda object must not outlive any of its reference captured objects",{"type":32,"value":33,"toc":1079},"minimark",[34,38,64,71,85,88,103,238,243,249,346,349,354,528,531,537,679,683,686,752,756,970,974,988,992,1015,1019,1050,1053,1075],[35,36,30],"h1",{"id":37},"exp61-cpp-a-lambda-object-must-not-outlive-any-of-its-reference-captured-objects",[39,40,41,42,46,47,50,51,54,55,59,60,63],"p",{},"Lambda expressions may capture objects with automatic storage duration from the set of enclosing scopes (called the ",[43,44,45],"em",{},"reaching scope"," ) for use in the lambda's function body. These captures may be either explicit, by specifying the object to capture in the lambda's ",[43,48,49],{},"capture-list"," , or implicit, by using a ",[43,52,53],{},"capture-default"," and referring to the object within the lambda's function body. When capturing an object explicitly or implicitly, the capture-default indicates that the object is either captured by copy (using ",[56,57,58],"code",{},"=)"," or captured by reference (using ",[56,61,62],{},"&"," ). When an object is captured by copy, the lambda object will contain an unnamed nonstatic data member that is initialized to the value of the object being captured. This nonstatic data member's lifetime is that of the lambda object's lifetime. However, when an object is captured by reference, the lifetime of the referent is not tied to the lifetime of the lambda object.",[39,65,66,67,70],{},"Because entities captured are objects with automatic storage duration (or ",[56,68,69],{},"this"," ), a general guideline is that functions returning a lambda object (including returning via a reference parameter), or storing a lambda object in a member variable or global, should not capture an entity by reference because the lambda object often outlives the captured reference object.",[39,72,73,74,79,80,84],{},"When a lambda object outlives one of its reference-captured objects, execution of the lambda object's function call operator results in ",[75,76,78],"a",{"href":77},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-undefinedbehavior","undefined behavior"," once that reference-captured object is accessed. Therefore, a lambda object must not outlive any of its reference-captured objects. This is a specific instance of ",[75,81,83],{"href":82},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp54-cpp","EXP54-CPP. Do not access an object outside of its lifetime"," .",[39,86,87],{},"Noncompliant Code Example",[39,89,90,91,94,95,98,99,102],{},"In this noncompliant code example, the function ",[56,92,93],{},"g()"," returns a lambda, which implicitly captures the automatic local variable ",[56,96,97],{},"i"," by reference. When that lambda is returned from the call, the reference it captured will refer to a variable whose lifetime has ended. As a result, when the lambda is executed in ",[56,100,101],{},"f()"," , the use of the dangling reference in the lambda results in undefined behavior.",[104,105,107],"code-block",{"quality":106},"bad",[108,109,114],"pre",{"className":110,"code":111,"language":112,"meta":113,"style":113},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","auto g() {\n  int i = 12;\n  return [&] {\n    i = 100;\n    return i;\n  };\n}\n\nvoid f() {\n  int j = g()();\n}\n","cpp","",[56,115,116,133,153,167,180,189,195,201,207,218,233],{"__ignoreMap":113},[117,118,121,125,129],"span",{"class":119,"line":120},"line",1,[117,122,124],{"class":123},"sq6CD","auto",[117,126,128],{"class":127},"srTi1"," g",[117,130,132],{"class":131},"sMOD_","() {\n",[117,134,136,139,142,146,150],{"class":119,"line":135},2,[117,137,138],{"class":123},"  int",[117,140,141],{"class":131}," i ",[117,143,145],{"class":144},"sC2Qs","=",[117,147,149],{"class":148},"s7F3e"," 12",[117,151,152],{"class":131},";\n",[117,154,156,159,162,164],{"class":119,"line":155},3,[117,157,158],{"class":144},"  return",[117,160,161],{"class":131}," [",[117,163,62],{"class":144},[117,165,166],{"class":131},"] {\n",[117,168,170,173,175,178],{"class":119,"line":169},4,[117,171,172],{"class":131},"    i ",[117,174,145],{"class":144},[117,176,177],{"class":148}," 100",[117,179,152],{"class":131},[117,181,183,186],{"class":119,"line":182},5,[117,184,185],{"class":144},"    return",[117,187,188],{"class":131}," i;\n",[117,190,192],{"class":119,"line":191},6,[117,193,194],{"class":131},"  };\n",[117,196,198],{"class":119,"line":197},7,[117,199,200],{"class":131},"}\n",[117,202,204],{"class":119,"line":203},8,[117,205,206],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},"\n",[117,208,210,213,216],{"class":119,"line":209},9,[117,211,212],{"class":123},"void",[117,214,215],{"class":127}," f",[117,217,132],{"class":131},[117,219,221,223,226,228,230],{"class":119,"line":220},10,[117,222,138],{"class":123},[117,224,225],{"class":131}," j ",[117,227,145],{"class":144},[117,229,128],{"class":127},[117,231,232],{"class":131},"()();\n",[117,234,236],{"class":119,"line":235},11,[117,237,200],{"class":131},[239,240,242],"h2",{"id":241},"compliant-solution","Compliant Solution",[39,244,245,246,248],{},"In this compliant solution, the lambda does not capture ",[56,247,97],{}," by reference but instead captures it by copy. Consequently, the lambda contains an implicit nonstatic data member whose lifetime is that of the lambda.",[104,250,252],{"quality":251},"good",[108,253,255],{"className":110,"code":254,"language":112,"meta":113,"style":113},"auto g() {\n  int i = 12;\n  return [=] () mutable {\n    i = 100;\n    return i;\n  };\n}\n\nvoid f() {\n  int j = g()();\n}\n",[56,256,257,265,277,294,304,310,314,318,322,330,342],{"__ignoreMap":113},[117,258,259,261,263],{"class":119,"line":120},[117,260,124],{"class":123},[117,262,128],{"class":127},[117,264,132],{"class":131},[117,266,267,269,271,273,275],{"class":119,"line":135},[117,268,138],{"class":123},[117,270,141],{"class":131},[117,272,145],{"class":144},[117,274,149],{"class":148},[117,276,152],{"class":131},[117,278,279,281,283,285,288,291],{"class":119,"line":155},[117,280,158],{"class":144},[117,282,161],{"class":131},[117,284,145],{"class":144},[117,286,287],{"class":131},"] () ",[117,289,290],{"class":144},"mutable",[117,292,293],{"class":131}," {\n",[117,295,296,298,300,302],{"class":119,"line":169},[117,297,172],{"class":131},[117,299,145],{"class":144},[117,301,177],{"class":148},[117,303,152],{"class":131},[117,305,306,308],{"class":119,"line":182},[117,307,185],{"class":144},[117,309,188],{"class":131},[117,311,312],{"class":119,"line":191},[117,313,194],{"class":131},[117,315,316],{"class":119,"line":197},[117,317,200],{"class":131},[117,319,320],{"class":119,"line":203},[117,321,206],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[117,323,324,326,328],{"class":119,"line":209},[117,325,212],{"class":123},[117,327,215],{"class":127},[117,329,132],{"class":131},[117,331,332,334,336,338,340],{"class":119,"line":220},[117,333,138],{"class":123},[117,335,225],{"class":131},[117,337,145],{"class":144},[117,339,128],{"class":127},[117,341,232],{"class":131},[117,343,344],{"class":119,"line":235},[117,345,200],{"class":131},[239,347,87],{"id":348},"noncompliant-code-example",[39,350,351,352,84],{},"In this noncompliant code example, a lambda reference captures a local variable from an outer lambda. 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",[117,498,145],{"class":144},[117,500,128],{"class":127},[117,502,369],{"class":131},[117,504,505],{"class":148},"12",[117,507,508],{"class":131},");\n",[117,510,512,514,516,518,521],{"class":119,"line":511},15,[117,513,138],{"class":123},[117,515,225],{"class":131},[117,517,145],{"class":144},[117,519,520],{"class":127}," fn",[117,522,470],{"class":131},[117,524,526],{"class":119,"line":525},16,[117,527,200],{"class":131},[239,529,242],{"id":530},"compliant-solution-1",[39,532,533,534,536],{},"In this compliant solution, the inner lambda captures ",[56,535,97],{}," by copy instead of by reference.",[104,538,539],{"quality":251},[108,540,542],{"className":110,"code":541,"language":112,"meta":113,"style":113},"auto g(int val) {\n  auto outer = [val] {\n    int i = val;\n    auto inner = [i] {\n      return i + 30;\n    };\n    return inner;\n  };\n  return outer();\n}\n\nvoid f() {\n  auto fn = g(12);\n  int j = 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Assessment",[39,684,685],{},"Referencing an object outside of its lifetime can result in an attacker being able to run arbitrary code.",[687,688,689,690,689,720],"table",{},"\n  ",[691,692,693,694,689],"thead",{},"\n    ",[695,696,697,698,697,702,697,705,697,708,697,711,697,714,697,717,693],"tr",{},"\n      ",[699,700,701],"th",{},"Rule",[699,703,704],{},"Severity",[699,706,707],{},"Likelihood",[699,709,710],{},"Detectable",[699,712,713],{},"Repairable",[699,715,716],{},"Priority",[699,718,719],{},"Level",[721,722,693,723,689],"tbody",{},[695,724,697,725,697,729,697,732,697,735,697,738,697,740,697,747,693],{},[726,727,728],"td",{},"EXP61-CPP",[726,730,731],{},"High",[726,733,734],{},"Probable",[726,736,737],{},"No",[726,739,737],{},[726,741,743],{"style":742},"color: #f1c40f;",[744,745,746],"b",{},"P6",[726,748,749],{"style":742},[744,750,751],{},"L2",[239,753,755],{"id":754},"automated-detection","Automated 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However, when an object is captured by reference, the lifetime of the referent is not tied to the lifetime of the lambda object.","md",{"tags":1092},[1093,1094,1095,1096,1097,1098,1099,1100],"review","review-dms","rule","nptc-aliasing","review-ajb","no-autodetect","nptc","exp","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp61-cpp",{"title":30,"description":1089},"5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F13.exp61-cpp","OBREcUuyGB5w_QQpvSXoIZ0UO3-2CDDQQ4x6fz62g5c",[1106,1109],{"title":1107,"path":1057,"stem":1108,"children":-1},"EXP60-CPP. Do not pass a nonstandard-layout type object across execution boundaries","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F12.exp60-cpp",{"title":1110,"path":1071,"stem":1111,"children":-1},"EXP62-CPP. Do not access the bits of an object representation that are not part of the object's value representation","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F14.exp62-cpp",[1113],{"title":1010,"path":1114,"stem":1115,"children":1116},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F1.index",[1117,1118,1185,1578,1793,1803],{"title":1010,"path":1114,"stem":1115},{"title":1119,"path":1120,"stem":1121,"children":1122},"Front Matter","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F1.index",[1123,1124],{"title":1119,"path":1120,"stem":1121},{"title":1125,"path":1126,"stem":1127,"children":1128},"Introduction","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F01.index",[1129,1130,1134,1138,1142,1146,1150,1154,1158,1162,1166,1170,1174,1178,1182],{"title":1125,"path":1126,"stem":1127},{"title":1131,"path":1132,"stem":1133},"Scope","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fscope","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F02.scope",{"title":1135,"path":1136,"stem":1137},"Audience","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Faudience","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F03.audience",{"title":1139,"path":1140,"stem":1141},"Usage","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fusage","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F04.usage",{"title":1143,"path":1144,"stem":1145},"How this Coding Standard Is Organized","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fhow-this-coding-standard-is-organized","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F05.how-this-coding-standard-is-organized",{"title":1147,"path":1148,"stem":1149},"Relation to the CERT C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Frelation-to-the-cert-c-coding-standard","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F06.relation-to-the-cert-c-coding-standard",{"title":1151,"path":1152,"stem":1153},"Rules Versus Recommendations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Frules-versus-recommendations","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F07.rules-versus-recommendations",{"title":1155,"path":1156,"stem":1157},"Tool Selection and Validation","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Ftool-selection-and-validation","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F08.tool-selection-and-validation",{"title":1159,"path":1160,"stem":1161},"Conformance Testing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fconformance-testing","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F09.conformance-testing",{"title":1163,"path":1164,"stem":1165},"Development Process","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fdevelopment-process","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F10.development-process",{"title":1167,"path":1168,"stem":1169},"System 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Range check element access","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F4.str53-cpp",{"title":1210,"path":1211,"stem":1212},"string from a null pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstring-from-a-null-pointer","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F5.string-from-a-null-pointer",{"title":1214,"path":1215,"stem":1216,"children":1217},"Concurrency (CON)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F1.index",[1218,1219,1223,1227,1231,1235,1239,1243],{"title":1214,"path":1215,"stem":1216},{"title":1220,"path":1221,"stem":1222},"CON50-CPP. Do not destroy a mutex while it is locked","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F2.con50-cpp",{"title":1224,"path":1225,"stem":1226},"CON51-CPP. Ensure actively held locks are released on exceptional conditions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F3.con51-cpp",{"title":1228,"path":1229,"stem":1230},"CON52-CPP. Prevent data races when accessing bit-fields from multiple threads","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F4.con52-cpp",{"title":1232,"path":1233,"stem":1234},"CON53-CPP. Avoid deadlock by locking in a predefined order","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F5.con53-cpp",{"title":1236,"path":1237,"stem":1238},"CON54-CPP. Wrap functions that can spuriously wake up in a loop","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F6.con54-cpp",{"title":1240,"path":1241,"stem":1242},"CON55-CPP. Preserve thread safety and liveness when using condition variables","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F7.con55-cpp",{"title":1244,"path":1245,"stem":1246},"CON56-CPP. Do not speculatively lock a non-recursive mutex that is already owned by the calling thread","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F8.con56-cpp",{"title":1248,"path":1249,"stem":1250,"children":1251},"Containers (CTR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F01.index",[1252,1253,1257,1261,1265,1269,1273,1277,1281,1285],{"title":1248,"path":1249,"stem":1250},{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256},"CTR50-CPP. Guarantee that container indices and iterators are within the valid range","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F02.ctr50-cpp",{"title":1258,"path":1259,"stem":1260},"CTR51-CPP. Use valid references, pointers, and iterators to reference elements of a container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F03.ctr51-cpp",{"title":1262,"path":1263,"stem":1264},"CTR52-CPP. Guarantee that library functions do not overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F04.ctr52-cpp",{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268},"CTR53-CPP. Use valid iterator ranges","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F05.ctr53-cpp",{"title":1270,"path":1271,"stem":1272},"CTR54-CPP. Do not subtract iterators that do not refer to the same container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F06.ctr54-cpp",{"title":1274,"path":1275,"stem":1276},"CTR55-CPP. Do not use an additive operator on an iterator if the result would overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F07.ctr55-cpp",{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280},"CTR56-CPP. Do not use pointer arithmetic on polymorphic objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F08.ctr56-cpp",{"title":1282,"path":1283,"stem":1284},"CTR57-CPP. Provide a valid ordering predicate","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F09.ctr57-cpp",{"title":1286,"path":1287,"stem":1288},"CTR58-CPP. Predicate function objects should not be mutable","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F10.ctr58-cpp",{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292,"children":1293},"Declarations and Initialization (DCL)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F01.index",[1294,1295,1299,1303,1307,1311,1315,1319,1323,1327,1331,1335],{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292},{"title":1296,"path":1297,"stem":1298},"DCL50-CPP. Do not define a C-style variadic function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F02.dcl50-cpp",{"title":1300,"path":1301,"stem":1302},"DCL51-CPP. Do not declare or define a reserved identifier","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F03.dcl51-cpp",{"title":1304,"path":1305,"stem":1306},"DCL52-CPP. Never qualify a reference type with const or volatile","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F04.dcl52-cpp",{"title":1308,"path":1309,"stem":1310},"DCL53-CPP. Do not write syntactically ambiguous declarations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F05.dcl53-cpp",{"title":1312,"path":1313,"stem":1314},"DCL54-CPP. Overload allocation and deallocation functions as a pair in the same scope","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F06.dcl54-cpp",{"title":1316,"path":1317,"stem":1318},"DCL55-CPP. Avoid information leakage when passing a class object across a trust boundary","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F07.dcl55-cpp",{"title":1320,"path":1321,"stem":1322},"DCL56-CPP. Avoid cycles during initialization of static objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F08.dcl56-cpp",{"title":1324,"path":1325,"stem":1326},"DCL57-CPP. Do not let exceptions escape from destructors or deallocation functions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F09.dcl57-cpp",{"title":1328,"path":1329,"stem":1330},"DCL58-CPP. Do not modify the standard namespaces","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F10.dcl58-cpp",{"title":1332,"path":1333,"stem":1334},"DCL59-CPP. Do not define an unnamed namespace in a header file","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F11.dcl59-cpp",{"title":1336,"path":1337,"stem":1338},"DCL60-CPP. Obey the one-definition rule","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F12.dcl60-cpp",{"title":1340,"path":1341,"stem":1342,"children":1343},"Exceptions and Error Handling (ERR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F01.index",[1344,1345,1349,1353,1357,1361,1365,1369,1373,1377,1381,1385,1389,1393],{"title":1340,"path":1341,"stem":1342},{"title":1346,"path":1347,"stem":1348},"ERR50-CPP. Do not abruptly terminate the program","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F02.err50-cpp",{"title":1350,"path":1351,"stem":1352},"ERR51-CPP. Handle all exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F03.err51-cpp",{"title":1354,"path":1355,"stem":1356},"ERR52-CPP. Do not use setjmp() or longjmp()","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F04.err52-cpp",{"title":1358,"path":1359,"stem":1360},"ERR53-CPP. Do not reference base classes or class data members in a constructor or destructor function-try-block handler","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F05.err53-cpp",{"title":1362,"path":1363,"stem":1364},"ERR54-CPP. Catch handlers should order their parameter types from most derived to least derived","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F06.err54-cpp",{"title":1366,"path":1367,"stem":1368},"ERR55-CPP. Honor exception specifications","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F07.err55-cpp",{"title":1370,"path":1371,"stem":1372},"ERR56-CPP. Guarantee exception safety","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F08.err56-cpp",{"title":1374,"path":1375,"stem":1376},"ERR57-CPP. Do not leak resources when handling exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F09.err57-cpp",{"title":1378,"path":1379,"stem":1380},"ERR58-CPP. Handle all exceptions thrown before main() begins executing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F10.err58-cpp",{"title":1382,"path":1383,"stem":1384},"ERR59-CPP. Do not throw an exception across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F11.err59-cpp",{"title":1386,"path":1387,"stem":1388},"ERR60-CPP. Exception objects must be nothrow copy constructible","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F12.err60-cpp",{"title":1390,"path":1391,"stem":1392},"ERR61-CPP. Catch exceptions by lvalue reference","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F13.err61-cpp",{"title":1394,"path":1395,"stem":1396},"ERR62-CPP. Detect errors when converting a string to a number","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F14.err62-cpp",{"title":1398,"path":1399,"stem":1400,"children":1401},"Expressions (EXP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F01.index",[1402,1403,1407,1411,1415,1419,1421,1425,1429,1433,1437,1441,1442,1443,1444],{"title":1398,"path":1399,"stem":1400},{"title":1404,"path":1405,"stem":1406},"EXP50-CPP. Do not depend on the order of evaluation for side effects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F02.exp50-cpp",{"title":1408,"path":1409,"stem":1410},"EXP51-CPP. Do not delete an array through a pointer of the incorrect type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F03.exp51-cpp",{"title":1412,"path":1413,"stem":1414},"EXP52-CPP. Do not rely on side effects in unevaluated operands","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F04.exp52-cpp",{"title":1416,"path":1417,"stem":1418},"EXP53-CPP. Do not read uninitialized memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F05.exp53-cpp",{"title":83,"path":82,"stem":1420},"5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F06.exp54-cpp",{"title":1422,"path":1423,"stem":1424},"EXP55-CPP. Do not access a cv-qualified object through a cv-unqualified type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F07.exp55-cpp",{"title":1426,"path":1427,"stem":1428},"EXP56-CPP. Do not call a function with a mismatched language linkage","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F08.exp56-cpp",{"title":1430,"path":1431,"stem":1432},"EXP57-CPP. Do not cast or delete pointers to incomplete classes","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F09.exp57-cpp",{"title":1434,"path":1435,"stem":1436},"EXP58-CPP. Pass an object of the correct type to va_start","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F10.exp58-cpp",{"title":1438,"path":1439,"stem":1440},"EXP59-CPP. Use offsetof() on valid types and members","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F11.exp59-cpp",{"title":1107,"path":1057,"stem":1108},{"title":30,"path":1101,"stem":1103},{"title":1110,"path":1071,"stem":1111},{"title":1445,"path":1446,"stem":1447},"EXP63-CPP. Do not rely on the value of a moved-from object","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp63-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F15.exp63-cpp",{"title":1449,"path":1450,"stem":1451,"children":1452},"Input Output (FIO)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F1.index",[1453,1454,1458],{"title":1449,"path":1450,"stem":1451},{"title":1455,"path":1456,"stem":1457},"FIO50-CPP. Do not alternately input and output from a file stream without an intervening positioning call","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F2.fio50-cpp",{"title":1459,"path":1460,"stem":1461},"FIO51-CPP. Close files when they are no longer needed","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F3.fio51-cpp",{"title":1463,"path":1464,"stem":1465,"children":1466},"Integers (INT)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F1.index",[1467,1468],{"title":1463,"path":1464,"stem":1465},{"title":1469,"path":1470,"stem":1471},"INT50-CPP. Do not cast to an out-of-range enumeration value","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F2.int50-cpp",{"title":1473,"path":1474,"stem":1475,"children":1476},"Memory Management (MEM)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F1.index",[1477,1478,1482,1486,1490,1494,1498,1502,1506],{"title":1473,"path":1474,"stem":1475},{"title":1479,"path":1480,"stem":1481},"MEM50-CPP. Do not access freed memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F2.mem50-cpp",{"title":1483,"path":1484,"stem":1485},"MEM51-CPP. Properly deallocate dynamically allocated resources","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F3.mem51-cpp",{"title":1487,"path":1488,"stem":1489},"MEM52-CPP. Detect and handle memory allocation errors","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F4.mem52-cpp",{"title":1491,"path":1492,"stem":1493},"MEM53-CPP. Explicitly construct and destruct objects when manually managing object lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F5.mem53-cpp",{"title":1495,"path":1496,"stem":1497},"MEM54-CPP. Provide placement new with properly aligned pointers to sufficient storage capacity","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F6.mem54-cpp",{"title":1499,"path":1500,"stem":1501},"MEM55-CPP. Honor replacement dynamic storage management requirements","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F7.mem55-cpp",{"title":1503,"path":1504,"stem":1505},"MEM56-CPP. Do not store an already-owned pointer value in an unrelated smart pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F8.mem56-cpp",{"title":1507,"path":1508,"stem":1509},"MEM57-CPP. Avoid using default operator new for over-aligned types","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F9.mem57-cpp",{"title":1511,"path":1512,"stem":1513,"children":1514},"Miscellaneous (MSC)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F1.index",[1515,1516,1520,1524,1528,1532],{"title":1511,"path":1512,"stem":1513},{"title":1517,"path":1518,"stem":1519},"MSC51-CPP. Ensure your random number generator is properly seeded","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F2.msc51-cpp",{"title":1521,"path":1522,"stem":1523},"MSC52-CPP. Value-returning functions must return a value from all exit paths","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F3.msc52-cpp",{"title":1525,"path":1526,"stem":1527},"MSC53-CPP. Do not return from a function declared [[noreturn]]","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F4.msc53-cpp",{"title":1529,"path":1530,"stem":1531},"MSC54-CPP. A signal handler must be a plain old function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F5.msc54-cpp",{"title":1533,"path":1534,"stem":1535},"rand() for generating pseudorandom numbers","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Frand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F6.rand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers",{"title":1537,"path":1538,"stem":1539,"children":1540},"Object Oriented Programming (OOP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F01.index",[1541,1542,1546,1550,1554,1558,1562,1566,1570,1574],{"title":1537,"path":1538,"stem":1539},{"title":1543,"path":1544,"stem":1545},"OOP50-CPP. 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