[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2447},["ShallowReactive",2],{"global-navigation":3,"page-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp63-cpp":28,"surround-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp63-cpp":1740,"sidebar-sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard":1748},[4,8],{"title":5,"path":6,"_path":6,"fromAppConfig":7},"Home","\u002F",true,{"title":9,"path":10,"children":11,"_path":27,"fromAppConfig":7},"Coding Standards","\u002Fcoding-standards\u002F",[12,15,18,21,24],{"title":13,"path":14},"Android Coding Standard","\u002Fandroid-secure-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":16,"path":17},"C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":19,"path":20},"C++ Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":22,"path":23},"Java Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-oracle-coding-standard-for-java\u002F",{"title":25,"path":26},"Perl Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-perl-coding-standard\u002F","\u002Fcoding-standards",{"id":29,"title":30,"body":31,"description":41,"extension":1724,"meta":1725,"navigation":7,"path":1736,"seo":1737,"stem":1738,"__hash__":1739},"content\u002F5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F15.exp63-cpp.md","EXP63-CPP. Do not rely on the value of a moved-from object",{"type":32,"value":33,"toc":1712},"minimark",[34,38,42,60,73,76,332,360,365,385,616,621,644,701,705,715,868,871,884,1018,1021,1024,1191,1194,1200,1329,1333,1336,1398,1402,1583,1587,1600,1604,1629,1633,1683,1686,1708],[35,36,30],"h1",{"id":37},"exp63-cpp-do-not-rely-on-the-value-of-a-moved-from-object",[39,40,41],"p",{},"Many types, including user-defined types and types provided by the Standard Template Library, support move semantics. Except in rare circumstances, an object of a type that supports move operations (move initialization or move assignment) will be left in a valid, but unspecified state after the object's value has been moved.",[39,43,44,45,50,51,55,56,59],{},"Passing an object as a function argument that binds to an ",[46,47,49],"a",{"href":48},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-rvalue","rvalue"," reference parameter, including via implicit function call syntax such as move assignment or move construction, ",[52,53,54],"em",{},"moves"," the object's state into another object. Upon return from such a function call, the object that was bound as an rvalue reference parameter is considered to be in the ",[52,57,58],{},"moved-from"," state. Once an object is in the moved-from state, the only operations that may be safely performed on that object instance are ones for which the operation has no preconditions, because it is unknown whether the unspecified state of the object will satisfy those preconditions. While some types have explicitly-defined preconditions, such as types defined by the Standard Template Library, it should be assumed that the only operations that may be safely performed on a moved-from object instance are reinitialization through assignment into the object or terminating the lifetime of the object by invoking its destructor.",[39,61,62,63,67,68,72],{},"Do not rely on the value of a moved-from object unless the type of the object is documented to be in a well-specified state. While the object is guaranteed to be in a valid state, relying on ",[46,64,66],{"href":65},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-unspecifiedvalue","unspecified values"," leads to ",[46,69,71],{"href":70},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-unspecifiedbehavior","unspecified behavior"," . Since the behavior need not be documented, this can in turn result in abnormal program behavior and portability concerns.",[39,74,75],{},"The following Standard Template Library functions are guaranteed to leave the moved-from object in a well-specified state.",[77,78,81],"table",{"className":79},[80],"wrapped",[82,83,84,99,131,149,164,179,207,221,238,251,264,277,298,319],"tbody",{},[85,86,89,93,96],"tr",{"className":87},[88],"header",[90,91,92],"th",{},"Type",[90,94,95],{},"Functionality",[90,97,98],{},"Moved-from State",[85,100,103,110,123],{"className":101},[102],"odd",[104,105,106],"td",{},[107,108,109],"code",{},"      std::unique_ptr     ",[104,111,112,113,116,117,119,120,122],{},"Move construction, Move assignment,",[114,115],"br",{},"\n\"Converting\" move construction, \"Converting\" move assignment",[114,118],{},"\n(likewise for ",[107,121,109],{}," for array objects with a runtime length)",[104,124,125,126,130],{},"The moved-from object is guaranteed to refer to a null pointer value, per [unique.ptr], paragraph 4 [ ",[46,127,129],{"href":128},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Faa-bibliography#AA.Bibliography-ISO\u002FIEC14882-2014","ISO\u002FIEC 14882-2014"," ].",[85,132,135,140,146],{"className":133},[134],"even",[104,136,137],{},[107,138,139],{},"      std::shared_ptr     ",[104,141,142],{},[39,143,112,144,116],{},[114,145],{},[104,147,148],{},"The moved-from object shall be \"empty,\" per [util.smartptr.shared.const], paragraph 22 and [util.smartptr.shared.assign], paragraph 4.",[85,150,152,156,161],{"className":151},[102],[104,153,154],{},[107,155,139],{},[104,157,158,159],{},"Move construction, Move assignment from a ",[107,160,109],{},[104,162,163],{},"The moved-from object is guaranteed to refer to a null pointer value, per [util.smartptr.shared.const], paragraph 29 and [util.smartptr.shared.assign], paragraph 6.",[85,165,167,172,176],{"className":166},[134],[104,168,169],{},[107,170,171],{},"      std::weak_ptr     ",[104,173,112,174,116],{},[114,175],{},[104,177,178],{},"The moved-from object shall be \"empty,\" per [util.smartptr.weak.const], paragraph 8, and [util.smartptr.weak.assign], paragraph 4.",[85,180,182,187,192],{"className":181},[102],[104,183,184],{},[107,185,186],{},"      std::basic_ios     ",[104,188,189],{},[107,190,191],{},"      move()     ",[104,193,194,195,198,199,202,203,206],{},"The moved-from object is still left in an unspecified state, except that ",[107,196,197],{},"      rdbuf()     "," shall return the same value as it returned before the move, and ",[107,200,201],{},"      tie()     "," shall return ",[107,204,205],{},"      0     "," , per [basic.ios.members], paragraph 20.",[85,208,210,215,218],{"className":209},[134],[104,211,212],{},[107,213,214],{},"      std::basic_filebuf     ",[104,216,217],{},"Move constructor, Move assignment",[104,219,220],{},"The moved-from object is guaranteed to reference no file; other internal state is also affected, per [filebuf.cons], paragraphs 3 and 4, and [filebuf.assign], paragraph 1.",[85,222,224,229,231],{"className":223},[102],[104,225,226],{},[107,227,228],{},"      std::thread     ",[104,230,217],{},[104,232,233,234,237],{},"The result from calling ",[107,235,236],{},"      get_id()     "," on the moved-from object is guaranteed to remain unchanged; otherwise the object is in an unspecified state, per [thread.thread.constr], paragraph 11 and [thread.thread.assign], paragraph 2.",[85,239,241,246,248],{"className":240},[134],[104,242,243],{},[107,244,245],{},"      std::unique_lock     ",[104,247,217],{},[104,249,250],{},"The moved-from object is guaranteed to be in its default state, per [thread.lock.unique.cons], paragraphs 21 and 23.",[85,252,254,259,261],{"className":253},[102],[104,255,256],{},[107,257,258],{},"      std::shared_lock     ",[104,260,217],{},[104,262,263],{},"The moved-from object is guaranteed to be in its default state, per [thread.lock.shared.cons], paragraphs 21 and 23.",[85,265,267,272,274],{"className":266},[134],[104,268,269],{},[107,270,271],{},"      std::promise     ",[104,273,217],{},[104,275,276],{},"The moved-from object is guaranteed not to have any shared state, per [futures.promise], paragraphs 6 and 8.",[85,278,280,285,287],{"className":279},[102],[104,281,282],{},[107,283,284],{},"      std::future     ",[104,286,217],{},[104,288,289,290,293,294,297],{},"Calling ",[107,291,292],{},"      valid()     "," on the moved-from object is guaranteed to return ",[107,295,296],{},"      false     "," , per [futures.unique_future], paragraphs 8 and 11.",[85,299,301,306,312],{"className":300},[134],[104,302,303],{},[107,304,305],{},"      std::shared_future     ",[104,307,308,309,311],{},"Move constructor, Move assignment,",[114,310],{},"\n\"Converting\" move constructor, \"Converting\" move assignment",[104,313,289,314,293,316,318],{},[107,315,292],{},[107,317,296],{}," , per [futures.shared_future], paragraphs 8 and 11.",[85,320,322,327,329],{"className":321},[102],[104,323,324],{},[107,325,326],{},"      std::packaged_task     ",[104,328,217],{},[104,330,331],{},"The moved-from object is guaranteed not to have any shared state, per [future.task.members], paragraphs 7 and 8.",[39,333,334,335,338,339,342,343,346,347,349,350,352,353,359],{},"Several generic standard template library (STL) algorithms, such as ",[107,336,337],{},"std::remove()"," and ",[107,340,341],{},"std::unique()"," , remove instances of elements from a container without shrinking the size of the container. Instead, these algorithms return a ",[107,344,345],{},"ForwardIterator"," to indicate the partition within the container after which elements are no longer valid. The elements in the container that precede the returned iterator are valid elements with specified values; whereas the elements that succeed the returned iterator are valid but have unspecified values. Accessing ",[46,348,66],{"href":65}," of elements iterated over results in ",[46,351,71],{"href":70}," . Frequently, the ",[46,354,358],{"href":355,"rel":356},"http:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErase-remove_idiom",[357],"nofollow","erase-remove idiom"," is used to shrink the size of the container when using these algorithms.",[361,362,364],"h2",{"id":363},"noncompliant-code-example","Noncompliant Code Example",[39,366,367,368,371,372,375,376,379,380,384],{},"In this noncompliant code example, the integer values ",[107,369,370],{},"0"," through ",[107,373,374],{},"9"," are expected to be printed to the standard output stream from a ",[107,377,378],{},"std::string"," rvalue reference. However, because the object is moved and then reused under the assumption its internal state has been cleared, unexpected output may occur despite not triggering ",[46,381,383],{"href":382},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-undefinedbehavior","undefined behavior"," .",[386,387,389],"code-block",{"quality":388},"bad",[390,391,396],"pre",{"className":392,"code":393,"language":394,"meta":395,"style":395},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n\nvoid g(std::string v) {\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C v \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n\nvoid f() {\n  std::string s;\n  for (unsigned i = 0; i \u003C 10; ++i) {\n    s.append(1, static_cast\u003Cchar>('0' + i));\n    g(std::move(s));\n  }\n}\n","cpp","",[107,397,398,411,419,425,457,480,486,491,502,510,550,587,605,611],{"__ignoreMap":395},[399,400,403,407],"span",{"class":401,"line":402},"line",1,[399,404,406],{"class":405},"sC2Qs","#include",[399,408,410],{"class":409},"sstjo"," \u003Ciostream>\n",[399,412,414,416],{"class":401,"line":413},2,[399,415,406],{"class":405},[399,417,418],{"class":409}," \u003Cstring>\n",[399,420,422],{"class":401,"line":421},3,[399,423,424],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},"\n",[399,426,428,432,436,440,444,447,450,454],{"class":401,"line":427},4,[399,429,431],{"class":430},"sq6CD","void",[399,433,435],{"class":434},"srTi1"," g",[399,437,439],{"class":438},"sMOD_","(",[399,441,443],{"class":442},"sz2Vg","std",[399,445,446],{"class":438},"::",[399,448,449],{"class":442},"string",[399,451,453],{"class":452},"sTHNf"," v",[399,455,456],{"class":438},") {\n",[399,458,460,463,466,469,472,474,477],{"class":401,"line":459},5,[399,461,462],{"class":442},"  std",[399,464,465],{"class":438},"::cout ",[399,467,468],{"class":405},"\u003C\u003C",[399,470,471],{"class":438}," v ",[399,473,468],{"class":405},[399,475,476],{"class":442}," std",[399,478,479],{"class":438},"::endl;\n",[399,481,483],{"class":401,"line":482},6,[399,484,485],{"class":438},"}\n",[399,487,489],{"class":401,"line":488},7,[399,490,424],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[399,492,494,496,499],{"class":401,"line":493},8,[399,495,431],{"class":430},[399,497,498],{"class":434}," f",[399,500,501],{"class":438},"() {\n",[399,503,505,507],{"class":401,"line":504},9,[399,506,462],{"class":442},[399,508,509],{"class":438},"::string s;\n",[399,511,513,516,519,522,525,528,532,535,538,541,544,547],{"class":401,"line":512},10,[399,514,515],{"class":405},"  for",[399,517,518],{"class":438}," (",[399,520,521],{"class":430},"unsigned",[399,523,524],{"class":438}," i ",[399,526,527],{"class":405},"=",[399,529,531],{"class":530},"s7F3e"," 0",[399,533,534],{"class":438},"; i ",[399,536,537],{"class":405},"\u003C",[399,539,540],{"class":530}," 10",[399,542,543],{"class":438},"; ",[399,545,546],{"class":405},"++",[399,548,549],{"class":438},"i) {\n",[399,551,553,556,559,561,564,567,570,573,576,578,581,584],{"class":401,"line":552},11,[399,554,555],{"class":438},"    s.",[399,557,558],{"class":434},"append",[399,560,439],{"class":438},[399,562,563],{"class":530},"1",[399,565,566],{"class":438},", ",[399,568,569],{"class":405},"static_cast\u003C",[399,571,572],{"class":430},"char",[399,574,575],{"class":405},">",[399,577,439],{"class":438},[399,579,580],{"class":409},"'0'",[399,582,583],{"class":405}," +",[399,585,586],{"class":438}," i));\n",[399,588,590,593,595,597,599,602],{"class":401,"line":589},12,[399,591,592],{"class":434},"    g",[399,594,439],{"class":438},[399,596,443],{"class":442},[399,598,446],{"class":438},[399,600,601],{"class":434},"move",[399,603,604],{"class":438},"(s));\n",[399,606,608],{"class":401,"line":607},13,[399,609,610],{"class":438},"  }\n",[399,612,614],{"class":401,"line":613},14,[399,615,485],{"class":438},[617,618,620],"h4",{"id":619},"implementation-details","Implementation Details",[39,622,623,624,627,628,630,631,633,634,638,639,643],{},"Some standard library implementations may implement the ",[52,625,626],{},"short string optimization (SSO)"," when implementing ",[107,629,378],{}," . In such implementations, strings under a certain length are stored in a character buffer internal to the ",[107,632,378],{}," object (avoiding an expensive heap allocation operation). However, such an implementation might not alter the original buffer value when performing a move operation. When the noncompliant code example is compiled with ",[46,635,637],{"href":636},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-clang","Clang"," 3.7 using ",[46,640,642],{"href":641},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-libcxx","libc++"," , the following output is produced.",[390,645,649],{"className":646,"code":647,"language":648,"meta":395,"style":395},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","0\n01\n012\n0123\n01234\n012345\n0123456\n01234567\n012345678\n0123456789\n","java",[107,650,651,656,661,666,671,676,681,686,691,696],{"__ignoreMap":395},[399,652,653],{"class":401,"line":402},[399,654,655],{"class":530},"0\n",[399,657,658],{"class":401,"line":413},[399,659,660],{"class":530},"01\n",[399,662,663],{"class":401,"line":421},[399,664,665],{"class":530},"012\n",[399,667,668],{"class":401,"line":427},[399,669,670],{"class":530},"0123\n",[399,672,673],{"class":401,"line":459},[399,674,675],{"class":530},"01234\n",[399,677,678],{"class":401,"line":482},[399,679,680],{"class":530},"012345\n",[399,682,683],{"class":401,"line":488},[399,684,685],{"class":530},"0123456\n",[399,687,688],{"class":401,"line":493},[399,689,690],{"class":530},"01234567\n",[399,692,693],{"class":401,"line":504},[399,694,695],{"class":438},"012345678\n",[399,697,698],{"class":401,"line":512},[399,699,700],{"class":438},"0123456789\n",[361,702,704],{"id":703},"compliant-solution","Compliant Solution",[39,706,707,708,710,711,714],{},"In this compliant solution, the ",[107,709,378],{}," object is initialized to the expected value on each iteration of the loop. This practice ensures that the object is in a valid, specified state prior to attempting to access it in ",[107,712,713],{},"g()"," , resulting in the expected output.",[386,716,718],{"quality":717},"good",[390,719,721],{"className":392,"code":720,"language":394,"meta":395,"style":395},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n\nvoid g(std::string v) {\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C v \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n\nvoid f() {\n  for (unsigned i = 0; i \u003C 10; ++i) {\n    std::string s(1, static_cast\u003Cchar>('0' + i));\n    g(std::move(s));\n  }\n}\n",[107,722,723,729,735,739,757,773,777,781,789,815,846,860,864],{"__ignoreMap":395},[399,724,725,727],{"class":401,"line":402},[399,726,406],{"class":405},[399,728,410],{"class":409},[399,730,731,733],{"class":401,"line":413},[399,732,406],{"class":405},[399,734,418],{"class":409},[399,736,737],{"class":401,"line":421},[399,738,424],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[399,740,741,743,745,747,749,751,753,755],{"class":401,"line":427},[399,742,431],{"class":430},[399,744,435],{"class":434},[399,746,439],{"class":438},[399,748,443],{"class":442},[399,750,446],{"class":438},[399,752,449],{"class":442},[399,754,453],{"class":452},[399,756,456],{"class":438},[399,758,759,761,763,765,767,769,771],{"class":401,"line":459},[399,760,462],{"class":442},[399,762,465],{"class":438},[399,764,468],{"class":405},[399,766,471],{"class":438},[399,768,468],{"class":405},[399,770,476],{"class":442},[399,772,479],{"class":438},[399,774,775],{"class":401,"line":482},[399,776,485],{"class":438},[399,778,779],{"class":401,"line":488},[399,780,424],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[399,782,783,785,787],{"class":401,"line":493},[399,784,431],{"class":430},[399,786,498],{"class":434},[399,788,501],{"class":438},[399,790,791,793,795,797,799,801,803,805,807,809,811,813],{"class":401,"line":504},[399,792,515],{"class":405},[399,794,518],{"class":438},[399,796,521],{"class":430},[399,798,524],{"class":438},[399,800,527],{"class":405},[399,802,531],{"class":530},[399,804,534],{"class":438},[399,806,537],{"class":405},[399,808,540],{"class":530},[399,810,543],{"class":438},[399,812,546],{"class":405},[399,814,549],{"class":438},[399,816,817,820,823,826,828,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844],{"class":401,"line":512},[399,818,819],{"class":442},"    std",[399,821,822],{"class":438},"::string ",[399,824,825],{"class":434},"s",[399,827,439],{"class":438},[399,829,563],{"class":530},[399,831,566],{"class":438},[399,833,569],{"class":405},[399,835,572],{"class":430},[399,837,575],{"class":405},[399,839,439],{"class":438},[399,841,580],{"class":409},[399,843,583],{"class":405},[399,845,586],{"class":438},[399,847,848,850,852,854,856,858],{"class":401,"line":552},[399,849,592],{"class":434},[399,851,439],{"class":438},[399,853,443],{"class":442},[399,855,446],{"class":438},[399,857,601],{"class":434},[399,859,604],{"class":438},[399,861,862],{"class":401,"line":589},[399,863,610],{"class":438},[399,865,866],{"class":401,"line":607},[399,867,485],{"class":438},[361,869,364],{"id":870},"noncompliant-code-example-1",[39,872,873,874,877,878,881,882,384],{},"In this noncompliant code example, elements matching ",[107,875,876],{},"42"," are removed from the given container. The contents of the container are then printed to the standard output stream. However, if any elements were removed from the container, the range-based ",[107,879,880],{},"for"," loop iterates over an invalid iterator range, resulting in ",[46,883,71],{"href":70},[386,885,886],{"quality":388},[390,887,889],{"className":392,"code":888,"language":394,"meta":395,"style":395},"#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n \nvoid f(std::vector\u003Cint> &c) {\n  std::remove(c.begin(), c.end(), 42);\n  for (auto v : c) {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Container element: \" \u003C\u003C v \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n  }\n}\n",[107,890,891,898,904,911,916,947,976,988,1010,1014],{"__ignoreMap":395},[399,892,893,895],{"class":401,"line":402},[399,894,406],{"class":405},[399,896,897],{"class":409}," \u003Calgorithm>\n",[399,899,900,902],{"class":401,"line":413},[399,901,406],{"class":405},[399,903,410],{"class":409},[399,905,906,908],{"class":401,"line":421},[399,907,406],{"class":405},[399,909,910],{"class":409}," \u003Cvector>\n",[399,912,913],{"class":401,"line":427},[399,914,915],{"class":438}," \n",[399,917,918,920,922,924,926,928,931,933,936,939,942,945],{"class":401,"line":459},[399,919,431],{"class":430},[399,921,498],{"class":434},[399,923,439],{"class":438},[399,925,443],{"class":442},[399,927,446],{"class":438},[399,929,930],{"class":442},"vector",[399,932,537],{"class":438},[399,934,935],{"class":430},"int",[399,937,938],{"class":438},"> ",[399,940,941],{"class":405},"&",[399,943,944],{"class":452},"c",[399,946,456],{"class":438},[399,948,949,951,953,956,959,962,965,968,971,973],{"class":401,"line":482},[399,950,462],{"class":442},[399,952,446],{"class":438},[399,954,955],{"class":434},"remove",[399,957,958],{"class":438},"(c.",[399,960,961],{"class":434},"begin",[399,963,964],{"class":438},"(), c.",[399,966,967],{"class":434},"end",[399,969,970],{"class":438},"(), ",[399,972,876],{"class":530},[399,974,975],{"class":438},");\n",[399,977,978,980,982,985],{"class":401,"line":488},[399,979,515],{"class":405},[399,981,518],{"class":438},[399,983,984],{"class":430},"auto",[399,986,987],{"class":438}," v : c) {\n",[399,989,990,992,994,996,999,1002,1004,1006,1008],{"class":401,"line":493},[399,991,819],{"class":442},[399,993,465],{"class":438},[399,995,468],{"class":405},[399,997,998],{"class":409}," \"Container element: \"",[399,1000,1001],{"class":405}," \u003C\u003C",[399,1003,471],{"class":438},[399,1005,468],{"class":405},[399,1007,476],{"class":442},[399,1009,479],{"class":438},[399,1011,1012],{"class":401,"line":504},[399,1013,610],{"class":438},[399,1015,1016],{"class":401,"line":512},[399,1017,485],{"class":438},[361,1019,704],{"id":1020},"compliant-solution-1",[39,1022,1023],{},"In this compliant solution, elements removed by the standard algorithm are skipped during iteration.",[386,1025,1026],{"quality":717},[390,1027,1029],{"className":392,"code":1028,"language":394,"meta":395,"style":395},"#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n \nvoid f(std::vector\u003Cint> &c) {\n  auto e = std::remove(c.begin(), c.end(), 42);\n  for (auto i = c.begin(); i != c.end(); i++) {\n    if (i \u003C e) {\n      std::cout \u003C\u003C *i \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n    }\n  }\n}\n",[107,1030,1031,1037,1043,1049,1054,1080,1110,1144,1157,1178,1183,1187],{"__ignoreMap":395},[399,1032,1033,1035],{"class":401,"line":402},[399,1034,406],{"class":405},[399,1036,897],{"class":409},[399,1038,1039,1041],{"class":401,"line":413},[399,1040,406],{"class":405},[399,1042,410],{"class":409},[399,1044,1045,1047],{"class":401,"line":421},[399,1046,406],{"class":405},[399,1048,910],{"class":409},[399,1050,1051],{"class":401,"line":427},[399,1052,1053],{"class":438}," \n",[399,1055,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078],{"class":401,"line":459},[399,1057,431],{"class":430},[399,1059,498],{"class":434},[399,1061,439],{"class":438},[399,1063,443],{"class":442},[399,1065,446],{"class":438},[399,1067,930],{"class":442},[399,1069,537],{"class":438},[399,1071,935],{"class":430},[399,1073,938],{"class":438},[399,1075,941],{"class":405},[399,1077,944],{"class":452},[399,1079,456],{"class":438},[399,1081,1082,1085,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108],{"class":401,"line":482},[399,1083,1084],{"class":430},"  auto",[399,1086,1087],{"class":438}," e ",[399,1089,527],{"class":405},[399,1091,476],{"class":442},[399,1093,446],{"class":438},[399,1095,955],{"class":434},[399,1097,958],{"class":438},[399,1099,961],{"class":434},[399,1101,964],{"class":438},[399,1103,967],{"class":434},[399,1105,970],{"class":438},[399,1107,876],{"class":530},[399,1109,975],{"class":438},[399,1111,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1125,1127,1130,1133,1135,1137,1140,1142],{"class":401,"line":488},[399,1113,515],{"class":405},[399,1115,518],{"class":438},[399,1117,984],{"class":430},[399,1119,524],{"class":438},[399,1121,527],{"class":405},[399,1123,1124],{"class":438}," c.",[399,1126,961],{"class":434},[399,1128,1129],{"class":438},"(); i ",[399,1131,1132],{"class":405},"!=",[399,1134,1124],{"class":438},[399,1136,967],{"class":434},[399,1138,1139],{"class":438},"(); i",[399,1141,546],{"class":405},[399,1143,456],{"class":438},[399,1145,1146,1149,1152,1154],{"class":401,"line":493},[399,1147,1148],{"class":405},"    if",[399,1150,1151],{"class":438}," (i ",[399,1153,537],{"class":405},[399,1155,1156],{"class":438}," e) {\n",[399,1158,1159,1162,1164,1166,1169,1172,1174,1176],{"class":401,"line":504},[399,1160,1161],{"class":442},"      std",[399,1163,465],{"class":438},[399,1165,468],{"class":405},[399,1167,1168],{"class":405}," *",[399,1170,1171],{"class":438},"i ",[399,1173,468],{"class":405},[399,1175,476],{"class":442},[399,1177,479],{"class":438},[399,1179,1180],{"class":401,"line":512},[399,1181,1182],{"class":438},"    }\n",[399,1184,1185],{"class":401,"line":552},[399,1186,610],{"class":438},[399,1188,1189],{"class":401,"line":589},[399,1190,485],{"class":438},[361,1192,704],{"id":1193},"compliant-solution-2",[39,1195,1196,1197,1199],{},"In this compliant solution, elements removed by the standard algorithm are subsequently erased from the given container. This technique ensures that a valid iterator range is used by the range-based ",[107,1198,880],{}," loop.",[386,1201,1202],{"quality":717},[390,1203,1205],{"className":392,"code":1204,"language":394,"meta":395,"style":395},"#include \u003Calgorithm>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n \nvoid f(std::vector\u003Cint> &c) {\n  c.erase(std::remove(c.begin(), c.end(), 42), c.end());\n  for (auto v : c) {\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Container element: \" \u003C\u003C v \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n  }\n}\n",[107,1206,1207,1213,1219,1225,1229,1255,1291,1301,1321,1325],{"__ignoreMap":395},[399,1208,1209,1211],{"class":401,"line":402},[399,1210,406],{"class":405},[399,1212,897],{"class":409},[399,1214,1215,1217],{"class":401,"line":413},[399,1216,406],{"class":405},[399,1218,410],{"class":409},[399,1220,1221,1223],{"class":401,"line":421},[399,1222,406],{"class":405},[399,1224,910],{"class":409},[399,1226,1227],{"class":401,"line":427},[399,1228,1053],{"class":438},[399,1230,1231,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1247,1249,1251,1253],{"class":401,"line":459},[399,1232,431],{"class":430},[399,1234,498],{"class":434},[399,1236,439],{"class":438},[399,1238,443],{"class":442},[399,1240,446],{"class":438},[399,1242,930],{"class":442},[399,1244,537],{"class":438},[399,1246,935],{"class":430},[399,1248,938],{"class":438},[399,1250,941],{"class":405},[399,1252,944],{"class":452},[399,1254,456],{"class":438},[399,1256,1257,1260,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283,1286,1288],{"class":401,"line":482},[399,1258,1259],{"class":438},"  c.",[399,1261,1262],{"class":434},"erase",[399,1264,439],{"class":438},[399,1266,443],{"class":442},[399,1268,446],{"class":438},[399,1270,955],{"class":434},[399,1272,958],{"class":438},[399,1274,961],{"class":434},[399,1276,964],{"class":438},[399,1278,967],{"class":434},[399,1280,970],{"class":438},[399,1282,876],{"class":530},[399,1284,1285],{"class":438},"), c.",[399,1287,967],{"class":434},[399,1289,1290],{"class":438},"());\n",[399,1292,1293,1295,1297,1299],{"class":401,"line":488},[399,1294,515],{"class":405},[399,1296,518],{"class":438},[399,1298,984],{"class":430},[399,1300,987],{"class":438},[399,1302,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319],{"class":401,"line":493},[399,1304,819],{"class":442},[399,1306,465],{"class":438},[399,1308,468],{"class":405},[399,1310,998],{"class":409},[399,1312,1001],{"class":405},[399,1314,471],{"class":438},[399,1316,468],{"class":405},[399,1318,476],{"class":442},[399,1320,479],{"class":438},[399,1322,1323],{"class":401,"line":504},[399,1324,610],{"class":438},[399,1326,1327],{"class":401,"line":512},[399,1328,485],{"class":438},[361,1330,1332],{"id":1331},"risk-assessment","Risk Assessment",[39,1334,1335],{},"The state of a moved-from object is generally valid, but unspecified. Relying on unspecified values can lead to abnormal program termination as well as data integrity violations.",[77,1337,1338,1339,1338,1367],{},"\n  ",[1340,1341,1342,1343,1338],"thead",{},"\n    ",[85,1344,1345,1346,1345,1349,1345,1352,1345,1355,1345,1358,1345,1361,1345,1364,1342],{},"\n      ",[90,1347,1348],{},"Rule",[90,1350,1351],{},"Severity",[90,1353,1354],{},"Likelihood",[90,1356,1357],{},"Detectable",[90,1359,1360],{},"Repairable",[90,1362,1363],{},"Priority",[90,1365,1366],{},"Level",[82,1368,1342,1369,1338],{},[85,1370,1345,1371,1345,1374,1345,1377,1345,1380,1345,1383,1345,1386,1345,1393,1342],{},[104,1372,1373],{},"EXP63-CPP",[104,1375,1376],{},"Medium",[104,1378,1379],{},"Probable",[104,1381,1382],{},"Yes",[104,1384,1385],{},"No",[104,1387,1389],{"style":1388},"color: #f1c40f;",[1390,1391,1392],"b",{},"P8",[104,1394,1395],{"style":1388},[1390,1396,1397],{},"L2",[361,1399,1401],{"id":1400},"automated-detection","Automated Detection",[77,1403,1405,1430],{"className":1404},[80],[1340,1406,1407],{},[85,1408,1410,1415,1420,1425],{"className":1409},[88],[90,1411,1412],{},[39,1413,1414],{},"Tool",[90,1416,1417],{},[39,1418,1419],{},"Version",[90,1421,1422],{},[39,1423,1424],{},"Checker",[90,1426,1427],{},[39,1428,1429],{},"Description",[82,1431,1432,1470,1498,1528,1554],{},[85,1433,1435,1441,1449,1462],{"className":1434},[102],[104,1436,1437],{},[46,1438,1440],{"href":1439},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fcodesonar","CodeSonar",[104,1442,1443],{},[1444,1445,1448],"div",{"className":1446},[1447],"content-wrapper","9.1p0",[104,1450,1451],{},[39,1452,1453],{},[1454,1455,1456,1457,1459,1460],"strong",{},"LANG.MEM.NPD",[114,1458],{},"\nLANG.MEM.UVAR",[114,1461],{},[104,1463,1464],{},[39,1465,1466,1467,1469],{},"Null Pointer Dereference",[114,1468],{},"\nUninitialized Variable",[85,1471,1473,1479,1487,1494],{"className":1472},[134],[104,1474,1475],{},[46,1476,1478],{"href":1477},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fhelix-qac","Helix QAC",[104,1480,1481],{},[1444,1482,1484],{"className":1483},[1447],[39,1485,1486],{},"2025.2",[104,1488,1489],{},[39,1490,1491],{},[1454,1492,1493],{},"DF4701, DF4702, DF4703",[104,1495,1496],{},[114,1497],{},[85,1499,1501,1509,1516,1523],{"className":1500},[102],[104,1502,1503],{},[39,1504,1505],{},[46,1506,1508],{"href":1507},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fparasoft","Parasoft C\u002FC++test",[104,1510,1511],{},[1444,1512,1514],{"className":1513},[1447],[39,1515,1486],{},[104,1517,1518],{},[39,1519,1520],{},[1454,1521,1522],{},"CERT_CPP-EXP63-a",[104,1524,1525],{},[39,1526,1527],{},"Do not rely on the value of a moved-from object",[85,1529,1531,1537,1545,1551],{"className":1530},[134],[104,1532,1533],{},[46,1534,1536],{"href":1535},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fpolyspace-bug-finder","Polyspace Bug Finder",[104,1538,1539],{},[1444,1540,1542],{"className":1541},[1447],[39,1543,1544],{},"R2025b",[104,1546,1547],{},[46,1548,1550],{"href":1549},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mathworks.com\u002Fhelp\u002Fbugfinder\u002Fref\u002Fcertcexp63cpp.html","CERT C++: EXP63-CPP",[104,1552,1553],{},"Checks for read operations that reads the value of a moved-from object (rule fully covered)",[85,1555,1557,1563,1571,1579],{"className":1556},[102],[104,1558,1559],{},[46,1560,1562],{"href":1561},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fpvs-studio","PVS-Studio",[104,1564,1565],{},[1444,1566,1568],{"className":1567},[1447],[39,1569,1570],{},"7.42",[104,1572,1573],{},[1454,1574,1575],{},[46,1576,1578],{"href":1577},"https:\u002F\u002Fpvs-studio.com\u002Fen\u002Fdocs\u002Fwarnings\u002Fv1030\u002F","V1030",[104,1580,1581],{},[114,1582],{},[361,1584,1586],{"id":1585},"related-vulnerabilities","Related Vulnerabilities",[39,1588,1589,1590,1594,1595,384],{},"Search for other ",[46,1591,1593],{"href":1592},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-vulnerability","vulnerabilities"," resulting from the violation of this rule on the ",[46,1596,1599],{"href":1597,"rel":1598},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kb.cert.org\u002Fvulnotes\u002Fbymetric?searchview&query=FIELD+KEYWORDS+contains+EXP63-CPP",[357],"CERT website",[361,1601,1603],{"id":1602},"related-guidelines","Related Guidelines",[77,1605,1607,1616],{"className":1606},[80],[1608,1609,1610,1614],"colgroup",{},[1611,1612],"col",{"style":1613},"width: 50%",[1611,1615],{"style":1613},[82,1617,1618],{},[85,1619,1621,1625],{"className":1620},[102],[104,1622,1623],{},[114,1624],{},[104,1626,1627],{},[114,1628],{},[361,1630,1632],{"id":1631},"bibliography","Bibliography",[77,1634,1636],{"className":1635},[80],[82,1637,1638],{},[85,1639,1641,1647],{"className":1640},[102],[104,1642,1643,1644,1646],{},"[ ",[46,1645,129],{"href":128}," ]",[104,1648,1649],{},[39,1650,1651,1652,1654,1655,1658,1659,1661,1662,1664,1665,1658,1668,1670,1671,1673,1674,1658,1677,1679,1680,1682],{},"Subclause 17.6.5.15, \"Moved-from State of Library Types\"",[114,1653],{},"\nSubclause 20.8.1, \"Class Template ",[107,1656,1657],{},"       unique_ptr      "," \"",[114,1660],{},"\nSubclause 20.8.2, \"Shared-Ownership Pointers\"",[114,1663],{},"\nSubclause 27.5.5, \"Class 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Range check element access","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F4.str53-cpp",{"title":1847,"path":1848,"stem":1849},"string from a null pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstring-from-a-null-pointer","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F5.string-from-a-null-pointer",{"title":1851,"path":1852,"stem":1853,"children":1854},"Concurrency (CON)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F1.index",[1855,1856,1860,1864,1868,1872,1876,1880],{"title":1851,"path":1852,"stem":1853},{"title":1857,"path":1858,"stem":1859},"CON50-CPP. 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Provide a valid ordering predicate","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F09.ctr57-cpp",{"title":1923,"path":1924,"stem":1925},"CTR58-CPP. Predicate function objects should not be mutable","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F10.ctr58-cpp",{"title":1927,"path":1928,"stem":1929,"children":1930},"Declarations and Initialization (DCL)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F01.index",[1931,1932,1936,1940,1944,1948,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972],{"title":1927,"path":1928,"stem":1929},{"title":1933,"path":1934,"stem":1935},"DCL50-CPP. Do not define a C-style variadic function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F02.dcl50-cpp",{"title":1937,"path":1938,"stem":1939},"DCL51-CPP. Do not declare or define a reserved identifier","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F03.dcl51-cpp",{"title":1941,"path":1942,"stem":1943},"DCL52-CPP. Never qualify a reference type with const or volatile","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F04.dcl52-cpp",{"title":1945,"path":1946,"stem":1947},"DCL53-CPP. Do not write syntactically ambiguous declarations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F05.dcl53-cpp",{"title":1949,"path":1950,"stem":1951},"DCL54-CPP. Overload allocation and deallocation functions as a pair in the same scope","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F06.dcl54-cpp",{"title":1953,"path":1954,"stem":1955},"DCL55-CPP. Avoid information leakage when passing a class object across a trust boundary","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F07.dcl55-cpp",{"title":1957,"path":1958,"stem":1959},"DCL56-CPP. Avoid cycles during initialization of static objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F08.dcl56-cpp",{"title":1961,"path":1962,"stem":1963},"DCL57-CPP. Do not let exceptions escape from destructors or deallocation functions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F09.dcl57-cpp",{"title":1965,"path":1966,"stem":1967},"DCL58-CPP. Do not modify the standard namespaces","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F10.dcl58-cpp",{"title":1969,"path":1970,"stem":1971},"DCL59-CPP. Do not define an unnamed namespace in a header file","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F11.dcl59-cpp",{"title":1973,"path":1974,"stem":1975},"DCL60-CPP. Obey the one-definition rule","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F12.dcl60-cpp",{"title":1977,"path":1978,"stem":1979,"children":1980},"Exceptions and Error Handling (ERR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F01.index",[1981,1982,1986,1990,1994,1998,2002,2006,2010,2014,2018,2022,2026,2030],{"title":1977,"path":1978,"stem":1979},{"title":1983,"path":1984,"stem":1985},"ERR50-CPP. Do not abruptly terminate the program","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F02.err50-cpp",{"title":1987,"path":1988,"stem":1989},"ERR51-CPP. Handle all exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F03.err51-cpp",{"title":1991,"path":1992,"stem":1993},"ERR52-CPP. Do not use setjmp() or longjmp()","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F04.err52-cpp",{"title":1995,"path":1996,"stem":1997},"ERR53-CPP. Do not reference base classes or class data members in a constructor or destructor function-try-block handler","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F05.err53-cpp",{"title":1999,"path":2000,"stem":2001},"ERR54-CPP. Catch handlers should order their parameter types from most derived to least derived","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F06.err54-cpp",{"title":2003,"path":2004,"stem":2005},"ERR55-CPP. Honor exception specifications","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F07.err55-cpp",{"title":2007,"path":2008,"stem":2009},"ERR56-CPP. Guarantee exception safety","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F08.err56-cpp",{"title":2011,"path":2012,"stem":2013},"ERR57-CPP. Do not leak resources when handling exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F09.err57-cpp",{"title":2015,"path":2016,"stem":2017},"ERR58-CPP. Handle all exceptions thrown before main() begins executing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F10.err58-cpp",{"title":2019,"path":2020,"stem":2021},"ERR59-CPP. Do not throw an exception across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F11.err59-cpp",{"title":2023,"path":2024,"stem":2025},"ERR60-CPP. Exception objects must be nothrow copy constructible","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F12.err60-cpp",{"title":2027,"path":2028,"stem":2029},"ERR61-CPP. Catch exceptions by lvalue reference","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F13.err61-cpp",{"title":2031,"path":2032,"stem":2033},"ERR62-CPP. Detect errors when converting a string to a number","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F14.err62-cpp",{"title":2035,"path":2036,"stem":2037,"children":2038},"Expressions (EXP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F01.index",[2039,2040,2044,2048,2052,2056,2060,2064,2068,2072,2076,2080,2084,2088,2089],{"title":2035,"path":2036,"stem":2037},{"title":2041,"path":2042,"stem":2043},"EXP50-CPP. Do not depend on the order of evaluation for side effects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F02.exp50-cpp",{"title":2045,"path":2046,"stem":2047},"EXP51-CPP. Do not delete an array through a pointer of the incorrect type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F03.exp51-cpp",{"title":2049,"path":2050,"stem":2051},"EXP52-CPP. Do not rely on side effects in unevaluated operands","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F04.exp52-cpp",{"title":2053,"path":2054,"stem":2055},"EXP53-CPP. Do not read uninitialized memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F05.exp53-cpp",{"title":2057,"path":2058,"stem":2059},"EXP54-CPP. Do not access an object outside of its lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F06.exp54-cpp",{"title":2061,"path":2062,"stem":2063},"EXP55-CPP. Do not access a cv-qualified object through a cv-unqualified type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F07.exp55-cpp",{"title":2065,"path":2066,"stem":2067},"EXP56-CPP. Do not call a function with a mismatched language linkage","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F08.exp56-cpp",{"title":2069,"path":2070,"stem":2071},"EXP57-CPP. Do not cast or delete pointers to incomplete classes","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F09.exp57-cpp",{"title":2073,"path":2074,"stem":2075},"EXP58-CPP. Pass an object of the correct type to va_start","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F10.exp58-cpp",{"title":2077,"path":2078,"stem":2079},"EXP59-CPP. Use offsetof() on valid types and members","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F11.exp59-cpp",{"title":2081,"path":2082,"stem":2083},"EXP60-CPP. Do not pass a nonstandard-layout type object across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F12.exp60-cpp",{"title":2085,"path":2086,"stem":2087},"EXP61-CPP. A lambda object must not outlive any of its reference captured objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F13.exp61-cpp",{"title":1742,"path":1690,"stem":1743},{"title":30,"path":1736,"stem":1738},{"title":1745,"path":1746,"stem":1747,"children":2091},[2092,2093,2097],{"title":1745,"path":1746,"stem":1747},{"title":2094,"path":2095,"stem":2096},"FIO50-CPP. Do not alternately input and output from a file stream without an intervening positioning call","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F2.fio50-cpp",{"title":2098,"path":2099,"stem":2100},"FIO51-CPP. Close files when they are no longer needed","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F3.fio51-cpp",{"title":2102,"path":2103,"stem":2104,"children":2105},"Integers (INT)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F1.index",[2106,2107],{"title":2102,"path":2103,"stem":2104},{"title":2108,"path":2109,"stem":2110},"INT50-CPP. Do not cast to an out-of-range enumeration value","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F2.int50-cpp",{"title":2112,"path":2113,"stem":2114,"children":2115},"Memory Management (MEM)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F1.index",[2116,2117,2121,2125,2129,2133,2137,2141,2145],{"title":2112,"path":2113,"stem":2114},{"title":2118,"path":2119,"stem":2120},"MEM50-CPP. Do not access freed memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F2.mem50-cpp",{"title":2122,"path":2123,"stem":2124},"MEM51-CPP. Properly deallocate dynamically allocated resources","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F3.mem51-cpp",{"title":2126,"path":2127,"stem":2128},"MEM52-CPP. Detect and handle memory allocation errors","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F4.mem52-cpp",{"title":2130,"path":2131,"stem":2132},"MEM53-CPP. Explicitly construct and destruct objects when manually managing object lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F5.mem53-cpp",{"title":2134,"path":2135,"stem":2136},"MEM54-CPP. Provide placement new with properly aligned pointers to sufficient storage capacity","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F6.mem54-cpp",{"title":2138,"path":2139,"stem":2140},"MEM55-CPP. Honor replacement dynamic storage management requirements","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F7.mem55-cpp",{"title":2142,"path":2143,"stem":2144},"MEM56-CPP. Do not store an already-owned pointer value in an unrelated smart pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F8.mem56-cpp",{"title":2146,"path":2147,"stem":2148},"MEM57-CPP. Avoid using default operator new for over-aligned types","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F9.mem57-cpp",{"title":2150,"path":2151,"stem":2152,"children":2153},"Miscellaneous (MSC)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F1.index",[2154,2155,2159,2163,2167,2171],{"title":2150,"path":2151,"stem":2152},{"title":2156,"path":2157,"stem":2158},"MSC51-CPP. Ensure your random number generator is properly seeded","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F2.msc51-cpp",{"title":2160,"path":2161,"stem":2162},"MSC52-CPP. Value-returning functions must return a value from all exit paths","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F3.msc52-cpp",{"title":2164,"path":2165,"stem":2166},"MSC53-CPP. Do not return from a function declared [[noreturn]]","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F4.msc53-cpp",{"title":2168,"path":2169,"stem":2170},"MSC54-CPP. A signal handler must be a plain old function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F5.msc54-cpp",{"title":2172,"path":2173,"stem":2174},"rand() for generating pseudorandom numbers","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Frand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F6.rand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers",{"title":2176,"path":2177,"stem":2178,"children":2179},"Object Oriented Programming (OOP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F01.index",[2180,2181,2185,2189,2193,2197,2201,2205,2209,2213],{"title":2176,"path":2177,"stem":2178},{"title":2182,"path":2183,"stem":2184},"OOP50-CPP. Do not invoke virtual functions from constructors or destructors","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F02.oop50-cpp",{"title":2186,"path":2187,"stem":2188},"OOP51-CPP. Do not slice derived objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F03.oop51-cpp",{"title":2190,"path":2191,"stem":2192},"OOP52-CPP. Do not delete a polymorphic object without a virtual destructor","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F04.oop52-cpp",{"title":2194,"path":2195,"stem":2196},"OOP53-CPP. Write constructor member initializers in the canonical order","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F05.oop53-cpp",{"title":2198,"path":2199,"stem":2200},"OOP54-CPP. Gracefully handle self-copy assignment","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F06.oop54-cpp",{"title":2202,"path":2203,"stem":2204},"OOP55-CPP. Do not use pointer-to-member operators to access nonexistent members","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F07.oop55-cpp",{"title":2206,"path":2207,"stem":2208},"OOP56-CPP. 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