[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1704},["ShallowReactive",2],{"global-navigation":3,"page-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint50-cpp":28,"surround-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint50-cpp":1001,"sidebar-sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard":1010},[4,8],{"title":5,"path":6,"_path":6,"fromAppConfig":7},"Home","\u002F",true,{"title":9,"path":10,"children":11,"_path":27,"fromAppConfig":7},"Coding Standards","\u002Fcoding-standards\u002F",[12,15,18,21,24],{"title":13,"path":14},"Android Coding Standard","\u002Fandroid-secure-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":16,"path":17},"C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":19,"path":20},"C++ Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":22,"path":23},"Java Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-oracle-coding-standard-for-java\u002F",{"title":25,"path":26},"Perl Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-perl-coding-standard\u002F","\u002Fcoding-standards",{"id":29,"title":30,"body":31,"description":987,"extension":988,"meta":989,"navigation":7,"path":997,"seo":998,"stem":999,"__hash__":1000},"content\u002F5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F2.int50-cpp.md","INT50-CPP. Do not cast to an out-of-range enumeration value",{"type":32,"value":33,"toc":977},"minimark",[34,38,57,63,66,71,79,84,108,268,272,275,375,379,385,459,463,469,545,557,561,564,631,635,893,897,911,915,949,952,973],[35,36,30],"h1",{"id":37},"int50-cpp-do-not-cast-to-an-out-of-range-enumeration-value",[39,40,41,42,46,47,50,51,56],"p",{},"Enumerations in C++ come in two forms: ",[43,44,45],"em",{},"scoped"," enumerations in which the underlying type is fixed and ",[43,48,49],{},"unscoped"," enumerations in which the underlying type may or may not be fixed. The range of values that can be represented by either form of enumeration may include enumerator values not specified by the enumeration itself. The range of valid enumeration values for an enumeration type is defined by the C++ Standard, [dcl.enum], in paragraph 8 [ ",[52,53,55],"a",{"href":54},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Faa-bibliography#AA.Bibliography-ISO\u002FIEC14882-2020","ISO\u002FIEC 14882-2020"," ]:",[58,59,60],"blockquote",{},[39,61,62],{},"For an enumeration whose underlying type is fixed, the values of the enumeration are the values of the underlying type. Otherwise, the values of the enumeration are the values representable by a hypothetical integer type with minimal width M such that all enumerators can be represented. The width of the smallest bit-field large enough to hold all the values of the enumeration type is M . It is possible to define an enumeration that has values not defined by any of its enumerators. If the enumerator-list is empty, the values of the enumeration are as if the enumeration had a single enumerator with value 0.",[39,64,65],{},"The C++ Standard, [expr.static.cast], paragraph 10, states the following:",[58,67,68],{},[39,69,70],{},"A value of integral or enumeration type can be explicitly converted to a complete enumeration type. If the enumeration type has a fixed underlying type, the value is first converted to that type by integral conversion, if necessary, and then to the enumeration type. If the enumeration type does not have a fixed underlying type, the value is unchanged if the original value is within the range of the enumeration values ( 9.7.1 ), and otherwise, the behavior is undefined. A value of floating-point type can also be explicitly converted to an enumeration type. The resulting value is the same as converting the original value to the underlying type of the enumeration ( 7.3.10 ), and subsequently to the enumeration type.",[39,72,73,74,78],{},"To avoid operating on ",[52,75,77],{"href":76},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-unspecifiedvalue","unspecified values"," , the arithmetic value being cast must be within the range of values the enumeration can represent. When dynamically checking for out-of-range values, checking must be performed before the cast expression.",[80,81,83],"h2",{"id":82},"noncompliant-code-example-bounds-checking","Noncompliant Code Example (Bounds Checking)",[39,85,86,87,91,92,95,96,98,99,102,103,107],{},"This noncompliant code example attempts to check whether a given value is within the range of acceptable enumeration values. However, it is doing so after casting to the enumeration type, which may not be able to represent the given integer value. On a two's complement system, the valid range of values that can be represented by ",[88,89,90],"code",{},"EnumType"," are [0..3], so if a value outside of that range were passed to ",[88,93,94],{},"f()"," , the cast to ",[88,97,90],{}," would result in an unspecified value, and using that value within the ",[88,100,101],{},"if"," statement results in ",[52,104,106],{"href":105},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-unspecifiedbehavior","unspecified behavior"," .",[109,110,112],"code-block",{"quality":111},"bad",[113,114,119],"pre",{"className":115,"code":116,"language":117,"meta":118,"style":118},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","enum EnumType {\n  First,\n  Second,\n  Third\n};\n\nvoid f(int intVar) {\n  EnumType enumVar = static_cast\u003CEnumType>(intVar);\n\n  if (enumVar \u003C First || enumVar > Third) {\n    \u002F\u002F Handle error\n  }\n}\n","cpp","",[88,120,121,138,148,156,162,168,174,197,218,223,249,256,262],{"__ignoreMap":118},[122,123,126,130,134],"span",{"class":124,"line":125},"line",1,[122,127,129],{"class":128},"sq6CD","enum",[122,131,133],{"class":132},"sz2Vg"," EnumType",[122,135,137],{"class":136},"sMOD_"," {\n",[122,139,141,145],{"class":124,"line":140},2,[122,142,144],{"class":143},"sXSQT","  First",[122,146,147],{"class":136},",\n",[122,149,151,154],{"class":124,"line":150},3,[122,152,153],{"class":143},"  Second",[122,155,147],{"class":136},[122,157,159],{"class":124,"line":158},4,[122,160,161],{"class":143},"  Third\n",[122,163,165],{"class":124,"line":164},5,[122,166,167],{"class":136},"};\n",[122,169,171],{"class":124,"line":170},6,[122,172,173],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},"\n",[122,175,177,180,184,187,190,194],{"class":124,"line":176},7,[122,178,179],{"class":128},"void",[122,181,183],{"class":182},"srTi1"," f",[122,185,186],{"class":136},"(",[122,188,189],{"class":128},"int",[122,191,193],{"class":192},"sTHNf"," intVar",[122,195,196],{"class":136},") {\n",[122,198,200,203,207,210,212,215],{"class":124,"line":199},8,[122,201,202],{"class":136},"  EnumType enumVar ",[122,204,206],{"class":205},"sC2Qs","=",[122,208,209],{"class":205}," static_cast\u003C",[122,211,90],{"class":136},[122,213,214],{"class":205},">",[122,216,217],{"class":136},"(intVar);\n",[122,219,221],{"class":124,"line":220},9,[122,222,173],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[122,224,226,229,232,235,238,241,244,246],{"class":124,"line":225},10,[122,227,228],{"class":205},"  if",[122,230,231],{"class":136}," (enumVar ",[122,233,234],{"class":205},"\u003C",[122,236,237],{"class":136}," First ",[122,239,240],{"class":205},"||",[122,242,243],{"class":136}," enumVar ",[122,245,214],{"class":205},[122,247,248],{"class":136}," Third) {\n",[122,250,252],{"class":124,"line":251},11,[122,253,255],{"class":254},"s8-w5","    \u002F\u002F Handle error\n",[122,257,259],{"class":124,"line":258},12,[122,260,261],{"class":136},"  }\n",[122,263,265],{"class":124,"line":264},13,[122,266,267],{"class":136},"}\n",[80,269,271],{"id":270},"compliant-solution-bounds-checking","Compliant Solution (Bounds Checking)",[39,273,274],{},"This compliant solution checks that the value can be represented by the enumeration type before performing the conversion to guarantee the conversion does not result in an unspecified value. It does this by restricting the converted value to one for which there is a specific enumerator value.",[109,276,278],{"quality":277},"good",[113,279,281],{"className":115,"code":280,"language":117,"meta":118,"style":118},"enum EnumType {\n  First,\n  Second,\n  Third\n};\n\nvoid f(int intVar) {\n  if (intVar \u003C First || intVar > Third) {\n    \u002F\u002F Handle error\n  }\n  EnumType enumVar = static_cast\u003CEnumType>(intVar);\n}\n",[88,282,283,291,297,303,307,311,315,329,349,353,357,371],{"__ignoreMap":118},[122,284,285,287,289],{"class":124,"line":125},[122,286,129],{"class":128},[122,288,133],{"class":132},[122,290,137],{"class":136},[122,292,293,295],{"class":124,"line":140},[122,294,144],{"class":143},[122,296,147],{"class":136},[122,298,299,301],{"class":124,"line":150},[122,300,153],{"class":143},[122,302,147],{"class":136},[122,304,305],{"class":124,"line":158},[122,306,161],{"class":143},[122,308,309],{"class":124,"line":164},[122,310,167],{"class":136},[122,312,313],{"class":124,"line":170},[122,314,173],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[122,316,317,319,321,323,325,327],{"class":124,"line":176},[122,318,179],{"class":128},[122,320,183],{"class":182},[122,322,186],{"class":136},[122,324,189],{"class":128},[122,326,193],{"class":192},[122,328,196],{"class":136},[122,330,331,333,336,338,340,342,345,347],{"class":124,"line":199},[122,332,228],{"class":205},[122,334,335],{"class":136}," (intVar ",[122,337,234],{"class":205},[122,339,237],{"class":136},[122,341,240],{"class":205},[122,343,344],{"class":136}," intVar ",[122,346,214],{"class":205},[122,348,248],{"class":136},[122,350,351],{"class":124,"line":220},[122,352,255],{"class":254},[122,354,355],{"class":124,"line":225},[122,356,261],{"class":136},[122,358,359,361,363,365,367,369],{"class":124,"line":251},[122,360,202],{"class":136},[122,362,206],{"class":205},[122,364,209],{"class":205},[122,366,90],{"class":136},[122,368,214],{"class":205},[122,370,217],{"class":136},[122,372,373],{"class":124,"line":258},[122,374,267],{"class":136},[80,376,378],{"id":377},"compliant-solution-scoped-enumeration","Compliant Solution (Scoped Enumeration)",[39,380,381,382,384],{},"This compliant solution uses a scoped enumeration, which has a fixed underlying ",[88,383,189],{}," type by default, allowing any value from the parameter to be converted into a valid enumeration value. It does not restrict the converted value to one for which there is a specific enumerator value, but it could do so as shown in the previous compliant solution.",[109,386,387],{"quality":277},[113,388,390],{"className":115,"code":389,"language":117,"meta":118,"style":118},"enum class EnumType {\n  First,\n  Second,\n  Third\n};\n\nvoid f(int intVar) {\n  EnumType enumVar = static_cast\u003CEnumType>(intVar);\n}\n",[88,391,392,403,409,415,419,423,427,441,455],{"__ignoreMap":118},[122,393,394,396,399,401],{"class":124,"line":125},[122,395,129],{"class":128},[122,397,398],{"class":128}," class",[122,400,133],{"class":132},[122,402,137],{"class":136},[122,404,405,407],{"class":124,"line":140},[122,406,144],{"class":143},[122,408,147],{"class":136},[122,410,411,413],{"class":124,"line":150},[122,412,153],{"class":143},[122,414,147],{"class":136},[122,416,417],{"class":124,"line":158},[122,418,161],{"class":143},[122,420,421],{"class":124,"line":164},[122,422,167],{"class":136},[122,424,425],{"class":124,"line":170},[122,426,173],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[122,428,429,431,433,435,437,439],{"class":124,"line":176},[122,430,179],{"class":128},[122,432,183],{"class":182},[122,434,186],{"class":136},[122,436,189],{"class":128},[122,438,193],{"class":192},[122,440,196],{"class":136},[122,442,443,445,447,449,451,453],{"class":124,"line":199},[122,444,202],{"class":136},[122,446,206],{"class":205},[122,448,209],{"class":205},[122,450,90],{"class":136},[122,452,214],{"class":205},[122,454,217],{"class":136},[122,456,457],{"class":124,"line":220},[122,458,267],{"class":136},[80,460,462],{"id":461},"compliant-solution-fixed-unscoped-enumeration","Compliant Solution (Fixed Unscoped Enumeration)",[39,464,465,466,468],{},"Similar to the previous compliant solution, this compliant solution uses an unscoped enumeration but provides a fixed underlying ",[88,467,189],{}," type allowing any value from the parameter to be converted to a valid enumeration value.",[109,470,471],{"quality":277},[113,472,474],{"className":115,"code":473,"language":117,"meta":118,"style":118},"enum EnumType : int {\n  First,\n  Second,\n  Third\n};\n\nvoid f(int intVar) {\n  EnumType enumVar = static_cast\u003CEnumType>(intVar);\n}\n",[88,475,476,489,495,501,505,509,513,527,541],{"__ignoreMap":118},[122,477,478,480,482,485,487],{"class":124,"line":125},[122,479,129],{"class":128},[122,481,133],{"class":132},[122,483,484],{"class":136}," : ",[122,486,189],{"class":128},[122,488,137],{"class":136},[122,490,491,493],{"class":124,"line":140},[122,492,144],{"class":143},[122,494,147],{"class":136},[122,496,497,499],{"class":124,"line":150},[122,498,153],{"class":143},[122,500,147],{"class":136},[122,502,503],{"class":124,"line":158},[122,504,161],{"class":143},[122,506,507],{"class":124,"line":164},[122,508,167],{"class":136},[122,510,511],{"class":124,"line":170},[122,512,173],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[122,514,515,517,519,521,523,525],{"class":124,"line":176},[122,516,179],{"class":128},[122,518,183],{"class":182},[122,520,186],{"class":136},[122,522,189],{"class":128},[122,524,193],{"class":192},[122,526,196],{"class":136},[122,528,529,531,533,535,537,539],{"class":124,"line":199},[122,530,202],{"class":136},[122,532,206],{"class":205},[122,534,209],{"class":205},[122,536,90],{"class":136},[122,538,214],{"class":205},[122,540,217],{"class":136},[122,542,543],{"class":124,"line":220},[122,544,267],{"class":136},[39,546,547,548,551,552,554,555,107],{},"Although similar to the previous compliant solution, this compliant solution differs from the noncompliant code example in the way the enumerator values are expressed in code and which implicit conversions are allowed. The previous compliant solution requires a nested name specifier to identify the enumerator (for example, ",[88,549,550],{},"EnumType::First"," ) and will not implicitly convert the enumerator value to ",[88,553,189],{}," . As with the noncompliant code example, this compliant solution does not allow a nested name specifier and will implicitly convert the enumerator value to ",[88,556,189],{},[80,558,560],{"id":559},"risk-assessment","Risk Assessment",[39,562,563],{},"It is possible for unspecified values to result in a buffer overflow, leading to the execution of arbitrary code by an attacker. However, because enumerators are rarely used for indexing into arrays or other forms of pointer arithmetic, it is more likely that this scenario will result in data integrity violations rather than arbitrary code execution.",[565,566,567,568,567,598],"table",{},"\n  ",[569,570,571,572,567],"thead",{},"\n    ",[573,574,575,576,575,580,575,583,575,586,575,589,575,592,575,595,571],"tr",{},"\n      ",[577,578,579],"th",{},"Rule",[577,581,582],{},"Severity",[577,584,585],{},"Likelihood",[577,587,588],{},"Detectable",[577,590,591],{},"Repairable",[577,593,594],{},"Priority",[577,596,597],{},"Level",[599,600,571,601,567],"tbody",{},[573,602,575,603,575,607,575,610,575,613,575,616,575,619,575,626,571],{},[604,605,606],"td",{},"INT50-CPP",[604,608,609],{},"Medium",[604,611,612],{},"Unlikely",[604,614,615],{},"Yes",[604,617,618],{},"No",[604,620,622],{"style":621},"color: 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left;",[52,820,822],{"href":821},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fpvs-studio","PVS-Studio",[604,824,825],{"style":818},[680,826,828],{"className":827},[683],[680,829,831],{"className":830},[683],[39,832,833],{},"7.42",[604,835,836],{"style":818},[690,837,838],{},[52,839,841],{"href":840},"https:\u002F\u002Fpvs-studio.com\u002Fen\u002Fdocs\u002Fwarnings\u002Fv1016\u002F","V1016",[604,843,845],{"style":844},"text-align: center;",[694,846],{},[573,848,850,856,861,865],{"className":849},[670],[604,851,852],{},[52,853,855],{"href":854},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Frulechecker","RuleChecker",[604,857,858],{},[680,859,686],{"className":860},[683],[604,862,863],{},[690,864,692],{},[604,866,698],{},[573,868,870,876,884,890],{"className":869},[702],[604,871,872],{},[52,873,875],{"href":874},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fpolyspace-bug-finder","Polyspace Bug 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Do not speculatively lock a non-recursive mutex that is already owned by the calling thread","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F8.con56-cpp",{"title":1147,"path":1148,"stem":1149,"children":1150},"Containers (CTR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F01.index",[1151,1152,1156,1160,1164,1168,1172,1176,1180,1184],{"title":1147,"path":1148,"stem":1149},{"title":1153,"path":1154,"stem":1155},"CTR50-CPP. Guarantee that container indices and iterators are within the valid range","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F02.ctr50-cpp",{"title":1157,"path":1158,"stem":1159},"CTR51-CPP. Use valid references, pointers, and iterators to reference elements of a container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F03.ctr51-cpp",{"title":1161,"path":1162,"stem":1163},"CTR52-CPP. Guarantee that library functions do not overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F04.ctr52-cpp",{"title":1165,"path":1166,"stem":1167},"CTR53-CPP. Use valid iterator ranges","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F05.ctr53-cpp",{"title":1169,"path":1170,"stem":1171},"CTR54-CPP. Do not subtract iterators that do not refer to the same container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F06.ctr54-cpp",{"title":1173,"path":1174,"stem":1175},"CTR55-CPP. Do not use an additive operator on an iterator if the result would overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F07.ctr55-cpp",{"title":1177,"path":1178,"stem":1179},"CTR56-CPP. Do not use pointer arithmetic on polymorphic objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F08.ctr56-cpp",{"title":1181,"path":1182,"stem":1183},"CTR57-CPP. Provide a valid ordering predicate","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F09.ctr57-cpp",{"title":1185,"path":1186,"stem":1187},"CTR58-CPP. Predicate function objects should not be mutable","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F10.ctr58-cpp",{"title":1189,"path":1190,"stem":1191,"children":1192},"Declarations and Initialization (DCL)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F01.index",[1193,1194,1198,1202,1206,1210,1214,1218,1222,1226,1230,1234],{"title":1189,"path":1190,"stem":1191},{"title":1195,"path":1196,"stem":1197},"DCL50-CPP. Do not define a C-style variadic function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F02.dcl50-cpp",{"title":1199,"path":1200,"stem":1201},"DCL51-CPP. Do not declare or define a reserved identifier","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F03.dcl51-cpp",{"title":1203,"path":1204,"stem":1205},"DCL52-CPP. Never qualify a reference type with const or volatile","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F04.dcl52-cpp",{"title":1207,"path":1208,"stem":1209},"DCL53-CPP. Do not write syntactically ambiguous declarations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F05.dcl53-cpp",{"title":1211,"path":1212,"stem":1213},"DCL54-CPP. Overload allocation and deallocation functions as a pair in the same scope","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F06.dcl54-cpp",{"title":1215,"path":1216,"stem":1217},"DCL55-CPP. Avoid information leakage when passing a class object across a trust boundary","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F07.dcl55-cpp",{"title":1219,"path":1220,"stem":1221},"DCL56-CPP. Avoid cycles during initialization of static objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F08.dcl56-cpp",{"title":1223,"path":1224,"stem":1225},"DCL57-CPP. Do not let exceptions escape from destructors or deallocation functions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F09.dcl57-cpp",{"title":1227,"path":1228,"stem":1229},"DCL58-CPP. Do not modify the standard namespaces","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F10.dcl58-cpp",{"title":1231,"path":1232,"stem":1233},"DCL59-CPP. Do not define an unnamed namespace in a header file","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F11.dcl59-cpp",{"title":1235,"path":1236,"stem":1237},"DCL60-CPP. Obey the one-definition rule","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F12.dcl60-cpp",{"title":1239,"path":1240,"stem":1241,"children":1242},"Exceptions and Error Handling (ERR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F01.index",[1243,1244,1248,1252,1256,1260,1264,1268,1272,1276,1280,1284,1288,1292],{"title":1239,"path":1240,"stem":1241},{"title":1245,"path":1246,"stem":1247},"ERR50-CPP. Do not abruptly terminate the program","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F02.err50-cpp",{"title":1249,"path":1250,"stem":1251},"ERR51-CPP. Handle all exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F03.err51-cpp",{"title":1253,"path":1254,"stem":1255},"ERR52-CPP. Do not use setjmp() or longjmp()","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F04.err52-cpp",{"title":1257,"path":1258,"stem":1259},"ERR53-CPP. Do not reference base classes or class data members in a constructor or destructor function-try-block handler","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F05.err53-cpp",{"title":1261,"path":1262,"stem":1263},"ERR54-CPP. Catch handlers should order their parameter types from most derived to least derived","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F06.err54-cpp",{"title":1265,"path":1266,"stem":1267},"ERR55-CPP. Honor exception specifications","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F07.err55-cpp",{"title":1269,"path":1270,"stem":1271},"ERR56-CPP. Guarantee exception safety","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F08.err56-cpp",{"title":1273,"path":1274,"stem":1275},"ERR57-CPP. Do not leak resources when handling exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F09.err57-cpp",{"title":1277,"path":1278,"stem":1279},"ERR58-CPP. Handle all exceptions thrown before main() begins executing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F10.err58-cpp",{"title":1281,"path":1282,"stem":1283},"ERR59-CPP. Do not throw an exception across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F11.err59-cpp",{"title":1285,"path":1286,"stem":1287},"ERR60-CPP. Exception objects must be nothrow copy constructible","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F12.err60-cpp",{"title":1289,"path":1290,"stem":1291},"ERR61-CPP. Catch exceptions by lvalue reference","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F13.err61-cpp",{"title":1293,"path":1294,"stem":1295},"ERR62-CPP. Detect errors when converting a string to a number","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F14.err62-cpp",{"title":1297,"path":1298,"stem":1299,"children":1300},"Expressions (EXP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F01.index",[1301,1302,1306,1310,1314,1318,1322,1326,1330,1334,1338,1342,1346,1350,1354],{"title":1297,"path":1298,"stem":1299},{"title":1303,"path":1304,"stem":1305},"EXP50-CPP. Do not depend on the order of evaluation for side effects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F02.exp50-cpp",{"title":1307,"path":1308,"stem":1309},"EXP51-CPP. Do not delete an array through a pointer of the incorrect type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F03.exp51-cpp",{"title":1311,"path":1312,"stem":1313},"EXP52-CPP. Do not rely on side effects in unevaluated operands","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F04.exp52-cpp",{"title":1315,"path":1316,"stem":1317},"EXP53-CPP. Do not read uninitialized memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F05.exp53-cpp",{"title":1319,"path":1320,"stem":1321},"EXP54-CPP. Do not access an object outside of its lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F06.exp54-cpp",{"title":1323,"path":1324,"stem":1325},"EXP55-CPP. Do not access a cv-qualified object through a cv-unqualified type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F07.exp55-cpp",{"title":1327,"path":1328,"stem":1329},"EXP56-CPP. Do not call a function with a mismatched language linkage","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F08.exp56-cpp",{"title":1331,"path":1332,"stem":1333},"EXP57-CPP. Do not cast or delete pointers to incomplete classes","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F09.exp57-cpp",{"title":1335,"path":1336,"stem":1337},"EXP58-CPP. Pass an object of the correct type to va_start","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F10.exp58-cpp",{"title":1339,"path":1340,"stem":1341},"EXP59-CPP. Use offsetof() on valid types and members","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F11.exp59-cpp",{"title":1343,"path":1344,"stem":1345},"EXP60-CPP. Do not pass a nonstandard-layout type object across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F12.exp60-cpp",{"title":1347,"path":1348,"stem":1349},"EXP61-CPP. A lambda object must not outlive any of its reference captured objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F13.exp61-cpp",{"title":1351,"path":1352,"stem":1353},"EXP62-CPP. Do not access the bits of an object representation that are not part of the object's value representation","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F14.exp62-cpp",{"title":1355,"path":1356,"stem":1357},"EXP63-CPP. Do not rely on the value of a moved-from object","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp63-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F15.exp63-cpp",{"title":1359,"path":1360,"stem":1361,"children":1362},"Input Output (FIO)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F1.index",[1363,1364,1368],{"title":1359,"path":1360,"stem":1361},{"title":1365,"path":1366,"stem":1367},"FIO50-CPP. Do not alternately input and output from a file stream without an intervening positioning call","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F2.fio50-cpp",{"title":1369,"path":1370,"stem":1371},"FIO51-CPP. Close files when they are no longer needed","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F3.fio51-cpp",{"title":1003,"path":1004,"stem":1005,"children":1373},[1374,1375],{"title":1003,"path":1004,"stem":1005},{"title":30,"path":997,"stem":999},{"title":1007,"path":1008,"stem":1009,"children":1377},[1378,1379,1383,1387,1391,1395,1399,1403,1407],{"title":1007,"path":1008,"stem":1009},{"title":1380,"path":1381,"stem":1382},"MEM50-CPP. Do not access freed memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F2.mem50-cpp",{"title":1384,"path":1385,"stem":1386},"MEM51-CPP. Properly deallocate dynamically allocated resources","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F3.mem51-cpp",{"title":1388,"path":1389,"stem":1390},"MEM52-CPP. Detect and handle memory allocation errors","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F4.mem52-cpp",{"title":1392,"path":1393,"stem":1394},"MEM53-CPP. Explicitly construct and destruct objects when manually managing object lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F5.mem53-cpp",{"title":1396,"path":1397,"stem":1398},"MEM54-CPP. Provide placement new with properly aligned pointers to sufficient storage capacity","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F6.mem54-cpp",{"title":1400,"path":1401,"stem":1402},"MEM55-CPP. Honor replacement dynamic storage management requirements","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F7.mem55-cpp",{"title":1404,"path":1405,"stem":1406},"MEM56-CPP. Do not store an already-owned pointer value in an unrelated smart pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F8.mem56-cpp",{"title":1408,"path":1409,"stem":1410},"MEM57-CPP. Avoid using default operator new for over-aligned types","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F9.mem57-cpp",{"title":1412,"path":1413,"stem":1414,"children":1415},"Miscellaneous (MSC)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F1.index",[1416,1417,1421,1425,1429,1433],{"title":1412,"path":1413,"stem":1414},{"title":1418,"path":1419,"stem":1420},"MSC51-CPP. Ensure your random number generator is properly seeded","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F2.msc51-cpp",{"title":1422,"path":1423,"stem":1424},"MSC52-CPP. Value-returning functions must return a value from all exit paths","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F3.msc52-cpp",{"title":1426,"path":1427,"stem":1428},"MSC53-CPP. Do not return from a function declared [[noreturn]]","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F4.msc53-cpp",{"title":1430,"path":1431,"stem":1432},"MSC54-CPP. A signal handler must be a plain old function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F5.msc54-cpp",{"title":1434,"path":1435,"stem":1436},"rand() for generating pseudorandom numbers","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Frand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F6.rand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers",{"title":1438,"path":1439,"stem":1440,"children":1441},"Object Oriented Programming (OOP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F01.index",[1442,1443,1447,1451,1455,1459,1463,1467,1471,1475],{"title":1438,"path":1439,"stem":1440},{"title":1444,"path":1445,"stem":1446},"OOP50-CPP. Do not invoke virtual functions from constructors or destructors","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F02.oop50-cpp",{"title":1448,"path":1449,"stem":1450},"OOP51-CPP. Do not slice derived objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F03.oop51-cpp",{"title":1452,"path":1453,"stem":1454},"OOP52-CPP. Do not delete a polymorphic object without a virtual destructor","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F04.oop52-cpp",{"title":1456,"path":1457,"stem":1458},"OOP53-CPP. 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