[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3216},["ShallowReactive",2],{"global-navigation":3,"page-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem50-cpp":28,"surround-\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem50-cpp":2531,"sidebar-sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard":2539},[4,8],{"title":5,"path":6,"_path":6,"fromAppConfig":7},"Home","\u002F",true,{"title":9,"path":10,"children":11,"_path":27,"fromAppConfig":7},"Coding Standards","\u002Fcoding-standards\u002F",[12,15,18,21,24],{"title":13,"path":14},"Android Coding Standard","\u002Fandroid-secure-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":16,"path":17},"C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":19,"path":20},"C++ Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F",{"title":22,"path":23},"Java Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-oracle-coding-standard-for-java\u002F",{"title":25,"path":26},"Perl Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-perl-coding-standard\u002F","\u002Fcoding-standards",{"id":29,"title":30,"body":31,"description":2513,"extension":2514,"meta":2515,"navigation":7,"path":2527,"seo":2528,"stem":2529,"__hash__":2530},"content\u002F5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F2.mem50-cpp.md","MEM50-CPP. Do not access freed memory",{"type":32,"value":33,"toc":2489},"minimark",[34,38,58,61,75,91,246,261,269,272,367,371,386,448,454,461,760,770,775,781,1023,1027,1038,1153,1159,1173,1271,1277,1292,1398,1402,1419,1521,1524,1537,1608,1611,1631,1701,1705,1717,1783,1787,2327,2331,2346,2358,2362,2426,2430,2462,2465,2485],[35,36,30],"h1",{"id":37},"mem50-cpp-do-not-access-freed-memory",[39,40,41,42,47,48,52,53,57],"p",{},"Evaluating a pointer—including dereferencing the pointer, using it as an operand of an arithmetic operation, type casting it, and using it as the right-hand side of an assignment—into memory that has been deallocated by a memory management function is ",[43,44,46],"a",{"href":45},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-undefinedbehavior","undefined behavior"," . Pointers to memory that has been deallocated are called ",[49,50,51],"em",{},"dangling pointers"," . Accessing a dangling pointer can result in exploitable ",[43,54,56],{"href":55},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-vulnerability","vulnerabilities"," .",[39,59,60],{},"It is at the memory manager's discretion when to reallocate or recycle the freed memory. When memory is freed, all pointers into it become invalid, and its contents might either be returned to the operating system, making the freed space inaccessible, or remain intact and accessible. As a result, the data at the freed location can appear to be valid but change unexpectedly. Consequently, memory must not be written to or read from once it is freed.",[62,63,65,66,70,71,74],"h2",{"id":64},"noncompliant-code-example-new-and-delete","Noncompliant Code Example ( ",[67,68,69],"code",{},"new"," and ",[67,72,73],{},"delete"," )",[39,76,77,78,81,82,85,86,90],{},"In this noncompliant code example, ",[67,79,80],{},"s"," is dereferenced after it has been deallocated. If this access results in a write-after-free, the ",[43,83,84],{"href":55},"vulnerability"," can be ",[43,87,89],{"href":88},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-exploit","exploited"," to run arbitrary code with the permissions of the vulnerable process. Typically, dynamic memory allocations and deallocations are far removed, making it difficult to recognize and diagnose such problems.",[92,93,95],"code-block",{"quality":94},"bad",[96,97,102],"pre",{"className":98,"code":99,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark monokai","#include \u003Cnew>\n \nstruct S {\n  void f();\n};\n \nvoid g() noexcept(false) {\n  S *s = new S;\n  \u002F\u002F ...\n  delete s;\n  \u002F\u002F ...\n  s->f();\n}\n","cpp","",[67,103,104,117,124,138,151,157,162,187,208,215,224,229,240],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,106,109,113],"span",{"class":107,"line":108},"line",1,[105,110,112],{"class":111},"sC2Qs","#include",[105,114,116],{"class":115},"sstjo"," \u003Cnew>\n",[105,118,120],{"class":107,"line":119},2,[105,121,123],{"class":122},"sMOD_"," \n",[105,125,127,131,135],{"class":107,"line":126},3,[105,128,130],{"class":129},"sq6CD","struct",[105,132,134],{"class":133},"sz2Vg"," S",[105,136,137],{"class":122}," {\n",[105,139,141,144,148],{"class":107,"line":140},4,[105,142,143],{"class":129},"  void",[105,145,147],{"class":146},"srTi1"," f",[105,149,150],{"class":122},"();\n",[105,152,154],{"class":107,"line":153},5,[105,155,156],{"class":122},"};\n",[105,158,160],{"class":107,"line":159},6,[105,161,123],{"class":122},[105,163,165,168,171,174,177,180,184],{"class":107,"line":164},7,[105,166,167],{"class":129},"void",[105,169,170],{"class":146}," g",[105,172,173],{"class":122},"() ",[105,175,176],{"class":111},"noexcept",[105,178,179],{"class":122},"(",[105,181,183],{"class":182},"s7F3e","false",[105,185,186],{"class":122},") {\n",[105,188,190,193,196,199,202,205],{"class":107,"line":189},8,[105,191,192],{"class":122},"  S ",[105,194,195],{"class":111},"*",[105,197,198],{"class":122},"s ",[105,200,201],{"class":111},"=",[105,203,204],{"class":111}," new",[105,206,207],{"class":122}," S;\n",[105,209,211],{"class":107,"line":210},9,[105,212,214],{"class":213},"s8-w5","  \u002F\u002F ...\n",[105,216,218,221],{"class":107,"line":217},10,[105,219,220],{"class":111},"  delete",[105,222,223],{"class":122}," s;\n",[105,225,227],{"class":107,"line":226},11,[105,228,214],{"class":213},[105,230,232,235,238],{"class":107,"line":231},12,[105,233,234],{"class":122},"  s->",[105,236,237],{"class":146},"f",[105,239,150],{"class":122},[105,241,243],{"class":107,"line":242},13,[105,244,245],{"class":122},"}\n",[39,247,248,249,252,253,256,257,57],{},"The function ",[67,250,251],{},"g()"," is marked ",[67,254,255],{},"noexcept(false)"," to comply with ",[43,258,260],{"href":259},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem52-cpp","MEM52-CPP. Detect and handle memory allocation errors",[62,262,264,265,70,267,74],{"id":263},"compliant-solution-new-and-delete","Compliant Solution ( ",[67,266,69],{},[67,268,73],{},[39,270,271],{},"In this compliant solution, the dynamically allocated memory is not deallocated until it is no longer required.",[92,273,275],{"quality":274},"good",[96,276,278],{"className":98,"code":277,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"#include \u003Cnew>\n\nstruct S {\n  void f();\n};\n\nvoid g() noexcept(false) {\n  S *s = new S;\n  \u002F\u002F ...\n  s->f();\n  delete s;\n}\n",[67,279,280,286,291,299,307,311,315,331,345,349,357,363],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,281,282,284],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,283,112],{"class":111},[105,285,116],{"class":115},[105,287,288],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,289,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},"\n",[105,292,293,295,297],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,294,130],{"class":129},[105,296,134],{"class":133},[105,298,137],{"class":122},[105,300,301,303,305],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,302,143],{"class":129},[105,304,147],{"class":146},[105,306,150],{"class":122},[105,308,309],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,310,156],{"class":122},[105,312,313],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,314,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,316,317,319,321,323,325,327,329],{"class":107,"line":164},[105,318,167],{"class":129},[105,320,170],{"class":146},[105,322,173],{"class":122},[105,324,176],{"class":111},[105,326,179],{"class":122},[105,328,183],{"class":182},[105,330,186],{"class":122},[105,332,333,335,337,339,341,343],{"class":107,"line":189},[105,334,192],{"class":122},[105,336,195],{"class":111},[105,338,198],{"class":122},[105,340,201],{"class":111},[105,342,204],{"class":111},[105,344,207],{"class":122},[105,346,347],{"class":107,"line":210},[105,348,214],{"class":213},[105,350,351,353,355],{"class":107,"line":217},[105,352,234],{"class":122},[105,354,237],{"class":146},[105,356,150],{"class":122},[105,358,359,361],{"class":107,"line":226},[105,360,220],{"class":111},[105,362,223],{"class":122},[105,364,365],{"class":107,"line":231},[105,366,245],{"class":122},[62,368,370],{"id":369},"compliant-solution-automatic-storage-duration","Compliant Solution (Automatic Storage Duration)",[39,372,373,374,376,377,379,380,382,383],{},"When possible, use automatic storage duration instead of dynamic storage duration. Since ",[67,375,80],{}," is not required to live beyond the scope of ",[67,378,251],{}," , this compliant solution uses automatic storage duration to limit the lifetime of ",[67,381,80],{}," to the scope of ",[67,384,385],{},"g().",[92,387,388],{"quality":274},[96,389,391],{"className":98,"code":390,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"struct S {\n  void f();\n};\n\nvoid g() {\n  S s;\n  \u002F\u002F ...\n  s.f();\n}\n",[67,392,393,401,409,413,417,426,431,435,444],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,394,395,397,399],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,396,130],{"class":129},[105,398,134],{"class":133},[105,400,137],{"class":122},[105,402,403,405,407],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,404,143],{"class":129},[105,406,147],{"class":146},[105,408,150],{"class":122},[105,410,411],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,412,156],{"class":122},[105,414,415],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,416,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,418,419,421,423],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,420,167],{"class":129},[105,422,170],{"class":146},[105,424,425],{"class":122},"() {\n",[105,427,428],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,429,430],{"class":122},"  S s;\n",[105,432,433],{"class":107,"line":164},[105,434,214],{"class":213},[105,436,437,440,442],{"class":107,"line":189},[105,438,439],{"class":122},"  s.",[105,441,237],{"class":146},[105,443,150],{"class":122},[105,445,446],{"class":107,"line":210},[105,447,245],{"class":122},[62,449,65,451,74],{"id":450},"noncompliant-code-example-stdunique_ptr",[67,452,453],{},"std::unique_ptr",[39,455,456,457,460],{},"In the following noncompliant code example, the dynamically allocated memory managed by the ",[67,458,459],{},"buff"," object is accessed after it has been implicitly deallocated by the object's destructor.",[92,462,463],{"quality":94},[96,464,466],{"className":98,"code":465,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cmemory>\n#include \u003Ccstring>\n \nint main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {\n  const char *s = \"\";\n  if (argc > 1) {\n    enum { BufferSize = 32 };\n    try {\n      std::unique_ptr\u003Cchar[]> buff(new char[BufferSize]);\n      std::memset(buff.get(), 0, BufferSize);\n      \u002F\u002F ...\n      s = std::strncpy(buff.get(), argv[1], BufferSize - 1);\n    } catch (std::bad_alloc &) {\n      \u002F\u002F Handle error\n    }\n  }\n\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C s \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[67,467,468,475,482,489,493,527,546,562,583,590,621,646,651,687,710,716,722,728,733,755],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,469,470,472],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,471,112],{"class":111},[105,473,474],{"class":115}," \u003Ciostream>\n",[105,476,477,479],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,478,112],{"class":111},[105,480,481],{"class":115}," \u003Cmemory>\n",[105,483,484,486],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,485,112],{"class":111},[105,487,488],{"class":115}," \u003Ccstring>\n",[105,490,491],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,492,123],{"class":122},[105,494,495,498,501,503,505,509,512,515,518,521,524],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,496,497],{"class":129},"int",[105,499,500],{"class":146}," main",[105,502,179],{"class":122},[105,504,497],{"class":129},[105,506,508],{"class":507},"sTHNf"," argc",[105,510,511],{"class":122},", ",[105,513,514],{"class":111},"const",[105,516,517],{"class":129}," char",[105,519,520],{"class":111}," *",[105,522,523],{"class":507},"argv",[105,525,526],{"class":122},"[]) {\n",[105,528,529,532,534,536,538,540,543],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,530,531],{"class":111},"  const",[105,533,517],{"class":129},[105,535,520],{"class":111},[105,537,198],{"class":122},[105,539,201],{"class":111},[105,541,542],{"class":115}," \"\"",[105,544,545],{"class":122},";\n",[105,547,548,551,554,557,560],{"class":107,"line":164},[105,549,550],{"class":111},"  if",[105,552,553],{"class":122}," (argc ",[105,555,556],{"class":111},">",[105,558,559],{"class":182}," 1",[105,561,186],{"class":122},[105,563,564,567,570,574,577,580],{"class":107,"line":189},[105,565,566],{"class":129},"    enum",[105,568,569],{"class":122}," { ",[105,571,573],{"class":572},"sXSQT","BufferSize",[105,575,576],{"class":111}," =",[105,578,579],{"class":182}," 32",[105,581,582],{"class":122}," };\n",[105,584,585,588],{"class":107,"line":210},[105,586,587],{"class":111},"    try",[105,589,137],{"class":122},[105,591,592,595,598,601,604,607,609,612,614,616,618],{"class":107,"line":217},[105,593,594],{"class":133},"      std",[105,596,597],{"class":122},"::unique_ptr",[105,599,600],{"class":111},"\u003C",[105,602,603],{"class":129},"char",[105,605,606],{"class":122},"[]",[105,608,556],{"class":111},[105,610,611],{"class":146}," buff",[105,613,179],{"class":122},[105,615,69],{"class":111},[105,617,517],{"class":129},[105,619,620],{"class":122},"[BufferSize]);\n",[105,622,623,625,628,631,634,637,640,643],{"class":107,"line":226},[105,624,594],{"class":133},[105,626,627],{"class":122},"::",[105,629,630],{"class":146},"memset",[105,632,633],{"class":122},"(buff.",[105,635,636],{"class":146},"get",[105,638,639],{"class":122},"(), ",[105,641,642],{"class":182},"0",[105,644,645],{"class":122},", BufferSize);\n",[105,647,648],{"class":107,"line":231},[105,649,650],{"class":213},"      \u002F\u002F ...\n",[105,652,653,656,658,661,663,666,668,670,673,676,679,682,684],{"class":107,"line":242},[105,654,655],{"class":122},"      s ",[105,657,201],{"class":111},[105,659,660],{"class":133}," std",[105,662,627],{"class":122},[105,664,665],{"class":146},"strncpy",[105,667,633],{"class":122},[105,669,636],{"class":146},[105,671,672],{"class":122},"(), argv[",[105,674,675],{"class":182},"1",[105,677,678],{"class":122},"], BufferSize ",[105,680,681],{"class":111},"-",[105,683,559],{"class":182},[105,685,686],{"class":122},");\n",[105,688,690,693,696,699,702,705,708],{"class":107,"line":689},14,[105,691,692],{"class":122},"    } ",[105,694,695],{"class":111},"catch",[105,697,698],{"class":122}," (",[105,700,701],{"class":133},"std",[105,703,704],{"class":122},"::bad_alloc ",[105,706,707],{"class":111},"&",[105,709,186],{"class":122},[105,711,713],{"class":107,"line":712},15,[105,714,715],{"class":213},"      \u002F\u002F Handle error\n",[105,717,719],{"class":107,"line":718},16,[105,720,721],{"class":122},"    }\n",[105,723,725],{"class":107,"line":724},17,[105,726,727],{"class":122},"  }\n",[105,729,731],{"class":107,"line":730},18,[105,732,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,734,736,739,742,745,748,750,752],{"class":107,"line":735},19,[105,737,738],{"class":133},"  std",[105,740,741],{"class":122},"::cout ",[105,743,744],{"class":111},"\u003C\u003C",[105,746,747],{"class":122}," s ",[105,749,744],{"class":111},[105,751,660],{"class":133},[105,753,754],{"class":122},"::endl;\n",[105,756,758],{"class":107,"line":757},20,[105,759,245],{"class":122},[39,761,762,763,766,767,769],{},"This code always creates a null-terminated byte string, despite its use of ",[67,764,765],{},"strncpy()"," , because it leaves the final ",[67,768,603],{}," in the buffer set to 0.",[62,771,264,773,74],{"id":772},"compliant-solution-stdunique_ptr",[67,774,453],{},[39,776,777,778,780],{},"In this compliant solution, the lifetime of the ",[67,779,459],{}," object extends past the point at which the memory managed by the object is accessed.",[92,782,783],{"quality":274},[96,784,786],{"className":98,"code":785,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cmemory>\n#include \u003Ccstring>\n \nint main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {\n  std::unique_ptr\u003Cchar[]> buff;\n  const char *s = \"\";\n\n  if (argc > 1) {\n    enum { BufferSize = 32 };\n    try {\n      buff.reset(new char[BufferSize]);\n      std::memset(buff.get(), 0, BufferSize);\n      \u002F\u002F ...\n      s = std::strncpy(buff.get(), argv[1], BufferSize - 1);\n    } catch (std::bad_alloc &) {\n      \u002F\u002F Handle error\n    }\n  }\n\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C s \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[67,787,788,794,800,806,810,834,851,867,871,883,897,903,919,937,941,969,985,989,993,997,1001,1018],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,789,790,792],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,791,112],{"class":111},[105,793,474],{"class":115},[105,795,796,798],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,797,112],{"class":111},[105,799,481],{"class":115},[105,801,802,804],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,803,112],{"class":111},[105,805,488],{"class":115},[105,807,808],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,809,123],{"class":122},[105,811,812,814,816,818,820,822,824,826,828,830,832],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,813,497],{"class":129},[105,815,500],{"class":146},[105,817,179],{"class":122},[105,819,497],{"class":129},[105,821,508],{"class":507},[105,823,511],{"class":122},[105,825,514],{"class":111},[105,827,517],{"class":129},[105,829,520],{"class":111},[105,831,523],{"class":507},[105,833,526],{"class":122},[105,835,836,838,840,842,844,846,848],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,837,738],{"class":133},[105,839,597],{"class":122},[105,841,600],{"class":111},[105,843,603],{"class":129},[105,845,606],{"class":122},[105,847,556],{"class":111},[105,849,850],{"class":122}," buff;\n",[105,852,853,855,857,859,861,863,865],{"class":107,"line":164},[105,854,531],{"class":111},[105,856,517],{"class":129},[105,858,520],{"class":111},[105,860,198],{"class":122},[105,862,201],{"class":111},[105,864,542],{"class":115},[105,866,545],{"class":122},[105,868,869],{"class":107,"line":189},[105,870,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,872,873,875,877,879,881],{"class":107,"line":210},[105,874,550],{"class":111},[105,876,553],{"class":122},[105,878,556],{"class":111},[105,880,559],{"class":182},[105,882,186],{"class":122},[105,884,885,887,889,891,893,895],{"class":107,"line":217},[105,886,566],{"class":129},[105,888,569],{"class":122},[105,890,573],{"class":572},[105,892,576],{"class":111},[105,894,579],{"class":182},[105,896,582],{"class":122},[105,898,899,901],{"class":107,"line":226},[105,900,587],{"class":111},[105,902,137],{"class":122},[105,904,905,908,911,913,915,917],{"class":107,"line":231},[105,906,907],{"class":122},"      buff.",[105,909,910],{"class":146},"reset",[105,912,179],{"class":122},[105,914,69],{"class":111},[105,916,517],{"class":129},[105,918,620],{"class":122},[105,920,921,923,925,927,929,931,933,935],{"class":107,"line":242},[105,922,594],{"class":133},[105,924,627],{"class":122},[105,926,630],{"class":146},[105,928,633],{"class":122},[105,930,636],{"class":146},[105,932,639],{"class":122},[105,934,642],{"class":182},[105,936,645],{"class":122},[105,938,939],{"class":107,"line":689},[105,940,650],{"class":213},[105,942,943,945,947,949,951,953,955,957,959,961,963,965,967],{"class":107,"line":712},[105,944,655],{"class":122},[105,946,201],{"class":111},[105,948,660],{"class":133},[105,950,627],{"class":122},[105,952,665],{"class":146},[105,954,633],{"class":122},[105,956,636],{"class":146},[105,958,672],{"class":122},[105,960,675],{"class":182},[105,962,678],{"class":122},[105,964,681],{"class":111},[105,966,559],{"class":182},[105,968,686],{"class":122},[105,970,971,973,975,977,979,981,983],{"class":107,"line":718},[105,972,692],{"class":122},[105,974,695],{"class":111},[105,976,698],{"class":122},[105,978,701],{"class":133},[105,980,704],{"class":122},[105,982,707],{"class":111},[105,984,186],{"class":122},[105,986,987],{"class":107,"line":724},[105,988,715],{"class":213},[105,990,991],{"class":107,"line":730},[105,992,721],{"class":122},[105,994,995],{"class":107,"line":735},[105,996,727],{"class":122},[105,998,999],{"class":107,"line":757},[105,1000,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016],{"class":107,"line":1003},21,[105,1005,738],{"class":133},[105,1007,741],{"class":122},[105,1009,744],{"class":111},[105,1011,747],{"class":122},[105,1013,744],{"class":111},[105,1015,660],{"class":133},[105,1017,754],{"class":122},[105,1019,1021],{"class":107,"line":1020},22,[105,1022,245],{"class":122},[62,1024,1026],{"id":1025},"compliant-solution","Compliant Solution",[39,1028,1029,1030,1033,1034,1037],{},"In this compliant solution, a variable with automatic storage duration of type ",[67,1031,1032],{},"std::string"," is used in place of the ",[67,1035,1036],{},"std::unique_ptr\u003Cchar[]>"," , which reduces the complexity and improves the security of the solution.",[92,1039,1040],{"quality":274},[96,1041,1043],{"className":98,"code":1042,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n \nint main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {\n  std::string str;\n\n  if (argc > 1) {\n    str = argv[1];\n  }\n\n  std::cout \u003C\u003C str \u003C\u003C std::endl;\n}\n",[67,1044,1045,1051,1058,1062,1086,1093,1097,1109,1124,1128,1132,1149],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,1046,1047,1049],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,1048,112],{"class":111},[105,1050,474],{"class":115},[105,1052,1053,1055],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,1054,112],{"class":111},[105,1056,1057],{"class":115}," \u003Cstring>\n",[105,1059,1060],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,1061,123],{"class":122},[105,1063,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,1065,497],{"class":129},[105,1067,500],{"class":146},[105,1069,179],{"class":122},[105,1071,497],{"class":129},[105,1073,508],{"class":507},[105,1075,511],{"class":122},[105,1077,514],{"class":111},[105,1079,517],{"class":129},[105,1081,520],{"class":111},[105,1083,523],{"class":507},[105,1085,526],{"class":122},[105,1087,1088,1090],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,1089,738],{"class":133},[105,1091,1092],{"class":122},"::string str;\n",[105,1094,1095],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,1096,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,1098,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107],{"class":107,"line":164},[105,1100,550],{"class":111},[105,1102,553],{"class":122},[105,1104,556],{"class":111},[105,1106,559],{"class":182},[105,1108,186],{"class":122},[105,1110,1111,1114,1116,1119,1121],{"class":107,"line":189},[105,1112,1113],{"class":122},"    str ",[105,1115,201],{"class":111},[105,1117,1118],{"class":122}," argv[",[105,1120,675],{"class":182},[105,1122,1123],{"class":122},"];\n",[105,1125,1126],{"class":107,"line":210},[105,1127,727],{"class":122},[105,1129,1130],{"class":107,"line":217},[105,1131,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,1133,1134,1136,1138,1140,1143,1145,1147],{"class":107,"line":226},[105,1135,738],{"class":133},[105,1137,741],{"class":122},[105,1139,744],{"class":111},[105,1141,1142],{"class":122}," str ",[105,1144,744],{"class":111},[105,1146,660],{"class":133},[105,1148,754],{"class":122},[105,1150,1151],{"class":107,"line":231},[105,1152,245],{"class":122},[62,1154,65,1156,74],{"id":1155},"noncompliant-code-example-stdstringc_str",[67,1157,1158],{},"std::string::c_str()",[39,1160,77,1161,1163,1164,1166,1167,1169,1170,1172],{},[67,1162,1158],{}," is being called on a temporary ",[67,1165,1032],{}," object. The resulting pointer will point to released memory once the ",[67,1168,1032],{}," object is destroyed at the end of the assignment expression, resulting in ",[43,1171,46],{"href":45}," when accessing elements of that pointer.",[92,1174,1175],{"quality":94},[96,1176,1178],{"className":98,"code":1177,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"#include \u003Cstring>\n \nstd::string str_func();\nvoid display_string(const char *);\n \nvoid f() {\n  const char *str = str_func().c_str();\n  display_string(str);  \u002F* Undefined behavior *\u002F\n}\n",[67,1179,1180,1186,1190,1204,1221,1225,1233,1256,1267],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,1181,1182,1184],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,1183,112],{"class":111},[105,1185,1057],{"class":115},[105,1187,1188],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,1189,123],{"class":122},[105,1191,1192,1194,1196,1199,1202],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,1193,701],{"class":133},[105,1195,627],{"class":122},[105,1197,1198],{"class":133},"string",[105,1200,1201],{"class":146}," str_func",[105,1203,150],{"class":122},[105,1205,1206,1208,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,1207,167],{"class":129},[105,1209,1210],{"class":146}," display_string",[105,1212,179],{"class":122},[105,1214,514],{"class":111},[105,1216,517],{"class":129},[105,1218,520],{"class":111},[105,1220,686],{"class":122},[105,1222,1223],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,1224,123],{"class":122},[105,1226,1227,1229,1231],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,1228,167],{"class":129},[105,1230,147],{"class":146},[105,1232,425],{"class":122},[105,1234,1235,1237,1239,1241,1244,1246,1248,1251,1254],{"class":107,"line":164},[105,1236,531],{"class":111},[105,1238,517],{"class":129},[105,1240,520],{"class":111},[105,1242,1243],{"class":122},"str ",[105,1245,201],{"class":111},[105,1247,1201],{"class":146},[105,1249,1250],{"class":122},"().",[105,1252,1253],{"class":146},"c_str",[105,1255,150],{"class":122},[105,1257,1258,1261,1264],{"class":107,"line":189},[105,1259,1260],{"class":146},"  display_string",[105,1262,1263],{"class":122},"(str);",[105,1265,1266],{"class":213},"  \u002F* Undefined behavior *\u002F\n",[105,1268,1269],{"class":107,"line":210},[105,1270,245],{"class":122},[62,1272,1274,1275,74],{"id":1273},"compliant-solution-stdstringc_str","Compliant solution ( ",[67,1276,1158],{},[39,1278,1279,1280,1283,1284,1287,1288,1291],{},"In this compliant solution, a local copy of the string returned by ",[67,1281,1282],{},"str_func()"," is made to ensure that string ",[67,1285,1286],{},"str"," will be valid when the call to ",[67,1289,1290],{},"display_string()"," is made.",[92,1293,1294],{"quality":274},[96,1295,1297],{"className":98,"code":1296,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"#include \u003Cstring>\n \nstd::string str_func();\nvoid display_string(const char *s);\n\nvoid f() {\n  std::string str = str_func();\n  const char *cstr = str.c_str();\n  display_string(cstr);  \u002F* ok *\u002F\n}\n",[67,1298,1299,1305,1309,1321,1339,1343,1351,1364,1384,1394],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,1300,1301,1303],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,1302,112],{"class":111},[105,1304,1057],{"class":115},[105,1306,1307],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,1308,123],{"class":122},[105,1310,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,1312,701],{"class":133},[105,1314,627],{"class":122},[105,1316,1198],{"class":133},[105,1318,1201],{"class":146},[105,1320,150],{"class":122},[105,1322,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,1324,167],{"class":129},[105,1326,1210],{"class":146},[105,1328,179],{"class":122},[105,1330,514],{"class":111},[105,1332,517],{"class":129},[105,1334,520],{"class":111},[105,1336,80],{"class":507},[105,1338,686],{"class":122},[105,1340,1341],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,1342,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,1344,1345,1347,1349],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,1346,167],{"class":129},[105,1348,147],{"class":146},[105,1350,425],{"class":122},[105,1352,1353,1355,1358,1360,1362],{"class":107,"line":164},[105,1354,738],{"class":133},[105,1356,1357],{"class":122},"::string str ",[105,1359,201],{"class":111},[105,1361,1201],{"class":146},[105,1363,150],{"class":122},[105,1365,1366,1368,1370,1372,1375,1377,1380,1382],{"class":107,"line":189},[105,1367,531],{"class":111},[105,1369,517],{"class":129},[105,1371,520],{"class":111},[105,1373,1374],{"class":122},"cstr ",[105,1376,201],{"class":111},[105,1378,1379],{"class":122}," str.",[105,1381,1253],{"class":146},[105,1383,150],{"class":122},[105,1385,1386,1388,1391],{"class":107,"line":210},[105,1387,1260],{"class":146},[105,1389,1390],{"class":122},"(cstr);",[105,1392,1393],{"class":213},"  \u002F* ok *\u002F\n",[105,1395,1396],{"class":107,"line":217},[105,1397,245],{"class":122},[62,1399,1401],{"id":1400},"noncompliant-code-example","Noncompliant Code Example",[39,1403,1404,1405,1408,1409,1411,1412,1416,1417,57],{},"In this noncompliant code example, an attempt is made to allocate zero bytes of memory through a call to ",[67,1406,1407],{},"  operator new() "," . If this request succeeds, ",[67,1410,1407],{}," is required to return a non-null pointer value. However, according to the C++ Standard, [basic.stc.dynamic.allocation], paragraph 2 [ ",[43,1413,1415],{"href":1414},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Faa-bibliography#AA.Bibliography-ISO\u002FIEC14882-2014","ISO\u002FIEC 14882-2014"," ], attempting to dereference memory through such a pointer results in ",[43,1418,46],{"href":45},[92,1420,1421],{"quality":94},[96,1422,1424],{"className":98,"code":1423,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"#include \u003Cnew>\n\nvoid f() noexcept(false) {\n  unsigned char *ptr = static_cast\u003Cunsigned char *>(::operator new(0));\n  *ptr = 0;\n  \u002F\u002F ...\n  ::operator delete(ptr);\n}\n",[67,1425,1426,1432,1436,1452,1489,1503,1507,1517],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,1427,1428,1430],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,1429,112],{"class":111},[105,1431,116],{"class":115},[105,1433,1434],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,1435,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,1437,1438,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448,1450],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,1439,167],{"class":129},[105,1441,147],{"class":146},[105,1443,173],{"class":122},[105,1445,176],{"class":111},[105,1447,179],{"class":122},[105,1449,183],{"class":182},[105,1451,186],{"class":122},[105,1453,1454,1457,1459,1461,1464,1466,1469,1472,1474,1477,1480,1482,1484,1486],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,1455,1456],{"class":129},"  unsigned",[105,1458,517],{"class":129},[105,1460,520],{"class":111},[105,1462,1463],{"class":122},"ptr ",[105,1465,201],{"class":111},[105,1467,1468],{"class":111}," static_cast\u003C",[105,1470,1471],{"class":129},"unsigned",[105,1473,517],{"class":129},[105,1475,1476],{"class":111}," *>",[105,1478,1479],{"class":122},"(::operator ",[105,1481,69],{"class":111},[105,1483,179],{"class":122},[105,1485,642],{"class":182},[105,1487,1488],{"class":122},"));\n",[105,1490,1491,1494,1496,1498,1501],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,1492,1493],{"class":111},"  *",[105,1495,1463],{"class":122},[105,1497,201],{"class":111},[105,1499,1500],{"class":182}," 0",[105,1502,545],{"class":122},[105,1504,1505],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,1506,214],{"class":213},[105,1508,1509,1512,1514],{"class":107,"line":164},[105,1510,1511],{"class":122},"  ::operator ",[105,1513,73],{"class":111},[105,1515,1516],{"class":122},"(ptr);\n",[105,1518,1519],{"class":107,"line":189},[105,1520,245],{"class":122},[62,1522,1026],{"id":1523},"compliant-solution-1",[39,1525,1526,1527,1530,1531,1533,1534,1536],{},"The compliant solution depends on programmer intent. If the programmer intends to allocate a single ",[67,1528,1529],{},"  unsigned char "," object, the compliant solution is to use ",[67,1532,69],{}," instead of a direct call to ",[67,1535,1407],{}," , as this compliant solution demonstrates.",[92,1538,1539],{"quality":274},[96,1540,1542],{"className":98,"code":1541,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"void f() noexcept(false) {\n  unsigned char *ptr = new unsigned char;\n  *ptr = 0;\n  \u002F\u002F ...\n  delete ptr;\n}\n",[67,1543,1544,1560,1581,1593,1597,1604],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,1545,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,1547,167],{"class":129},[105,1549,147],{"class":146},[105,1551,173],{"class":122},[105,1553,176],{"class":111},[105,1555,179],{"class":122},[105,1557,183],{"class":182},[105,1559,186],{"class":122},[105,1561,1562,1564,1566,1568,1570,1572,1574,1577,1579],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,1563,1456],{"class":129},[105,1565,517],{"class":129},[105,1567,520],{"class":111},[105,1569,1463],{"class":122},[105,1571,201],{"class":111},[105,1573,204],{"class":111},[105,1575,1576],{"class":129}," unsigned",[105,1578,517],{"class":129},[105,1580,545],{"class":122},[105,1582,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,1584,1493],{"class":111},[105,1586,1463],{"class":122},[105,1588,201],{"class":111},[105,1590,1500],{"class":182},[105,1592,545],{"class":122},[105,1594,1595],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,1596,214],{"class":213},[105,1598,1599,1601],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,1600,220],{"class":111},[105,1602,1603],{"class":122}," ptr;\n",[105,1605,1606],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,1607,245],{"class":122},[62,1609,1026],{"id":1610},"compliant-solution-2",[39,1612,1613,1614,1617,1618,1621,1622,1626,1627,57],{},"If the programmer intends to allocate zero bytes of memory (perhaps to obtain a unique pointer value that cannot be reused by any other pointer in the program until it is properly released), then instead of attempting to dereference the resulting pointer, the recommended solution is to declare ",[67,1615,1616],{},"ptr"," as a ",[67,1619,1620],{},"  void * "," , which cannot be dereferenced by a ",[43,1623,1625],{"href":1624},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-conformingprogram","conforming"," ",[43,1628,1630],{"href":1629},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-implementation","implementation",[92,1632,1633],{"quality":274},[96,1634,1636],{"className":98,"code":1635,"language":100,"meta":101,"style":101},"#include \u003Cnew>\n\nvoid f() noexcept(false) {\n  void *ptr = ::operator new(0);\n  \u002F\u002F ...\n  ::operator delete(ptr);\n}\n",[67,1637,1638,1644,1648,1664,1685,1689,1697],{"__ignoreMap":101},[105,1639,1640,1642],{"class":107,"line":108},[105,1641,112],{"class":111},[105,1643,116],{"class":115},[105,1645,1646],{"class":107,"line":119},[105,1647,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":7},[105,1649,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662],{"class":107,"line":126},[105,1651,167],{"class":129},[105,1653,147],{"class":146},[105,1655,173],{"class":122},[105,1657,176],{"class":111},[105,1659,179],{"class":122},[105,1661,183],{"class":182},[105,1663,186],{"class":122},[105,1665,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1677,1679,1681,1683],{"class":107,"line":140},[105,1667,143],{"class":129},[105,1669,520],{"class":111},[105,1671,1463],{"class":122},[105,1673,201],{"class":111},[105,1675,1676],{"class":122}," ::operator ",[105,1678,69],{"class":111},[105,1680,179],{"class":122},[105,1682,642],{"class":182},[105,1684,686],{"class":122},[105,1686,1687],{"class":107,"line":153},[105,1688,214],{"class":213},[105,1690,1691,1693,1695],{"class":107,"line":159},[105,1692,1511],{"class":122},[105,1694,73],{"class":111},[105,1696,1516],{"class":122},[105,1698,1699],{"class":107,"line":164},[105,1700,245],{"class":122},[62,1702,1704],{"id":1703},"risk-assessment","Risk Assessment",[39,1706,1707,1708,70,1712,1716],{},"Reading previously dynamically allocated memory after it has been deallocated can lead to ",[43,1709,1711],{"href":1710},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-abnormaltermination","abnormal program termination",[43,1713,1715],{"href":1714},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-denial-of-service","denial-of-service attacks"," . Writing memory that has been deallocated can lead to the execution of arbitrary code with the permissions of the vulnerable process.",[1718,1719,1720,1721,1720,1751],"table",{},"\n  ",[1722,1723,1724,1725,1720],"thead",{},"\n    ",[1726,1727,1728,1729,1728,1733,1728,1736,1728,1739,1728,1742,1728,1745,1728,1748,1724],"tr",{},"\n      ",[1730,1731,1732],"th",{},"Rule",[1730,1734,1735],{},"Severity",[1730,1737,1738],{},"Likelihood",[1730,1740,1741],{},"Detectable",[1730,1743,1744],{},"Repairable",[1730,1746,1747],{},"Priority",[1730,1749,1750],{},"Level",[1752,1753,1724,1754,1720],"tbody",{},[1726,1755,1728,1756,1728,1760,1728,1763,1728,1766,1728,1769,1728,1771,1728,1778,1724],{},[1757,1758,1759],"td",{},"MEM50-CPP",[1757,1761,1762],{},"High",[1757,1764,1765],{},"Likely",[1757,1767,1768],{},"No",[1757,1770,1768],{},[1757,1772,1774],{"style":1773},"color: #f1c40f;",[1775,1776,1777],"b",{},"P9",[1757,1779,1780],{"style":1773},[1775,1781,1782],{},"L2",[62,1784,1786],{"id":1785},"automated-detection","Automated Detection",[1718,1788,1791],{"className":1789},[1790],"wrapped",[1752,1792,1793,1817,1859,1886,1913,1938,1965,1994,2022,2082,2113,2139,2158,2202,2238,2267,2300],{},[1726,1794,1797,1802,1807,1812],{"className":1795},[1796],"header",[1730,1798,1799],{},[39,1800,1801],{},"Tool",[1730,1803,1804],{},[39,1805,1806],{},"Version",[1730,1808,1809],{},[39,1810,1811],{},"Checker",[1730,1813,1814],{},[39,1815,1816],{},"Description",[1726,1818,1821,1827,1837,1856],{"className":1819},[1820],"odd",[1757,1822,1823],{},[43,1824,1826],{"href":1825},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fastree","Astrée",[1757,1828,1829],{},[1830,1831,1834],"div",{"className":1832},[1833],"content-wrapper",[39,1835,1836],{},"25.10",[1757,1838,1839],{},[39,1840,1841,1626,1848,1626,1853],{},[1842,1843,1844,1845],"strong",{},"csa-double-free",[1846,1847],"br",{},[1842,1849,1850,1851],{},"csa-use-after-free",[1846,1852],{},[1842,1854,1855],{},"dangling_pointer_use",[1757,1857,1858],{},"partially checked + soundly supported",[1726,1860,1863,1869,1877,1882],{"className":1861},[1862],"even",[1757,1864,1865],{},[43,1866,1868],{"href":1867},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Faxivion-bauhaus-suite","Axivion Bauhaus Suite",[1757,1870,1871],{},[1830,1872,1874],{"className":1873},[1833],[39,1875,1876],{},"7.2.0",[1757,1878,1879],{},[1842,1880,1881],{},"CertC++-MEM50",[1757,1883,1884],{},[1846,1885],{},[1726,1887,1889,1895,1901,1906],{"className":1888},[1820],[1757,1890,1891],{},[43,1892,1894],{"href":1893},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fclang","Clang",[1757,1896,1897],{},[1830,1898,1900],{"className":1899},[1833],"3.9",[1757,1902,1903],{},[67,1904,1905],{},"      clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDelete            clang-analyzer-alpha.security.ArrayBoundV2     ",[1757,1907,1908,1909,1912],{},"Checked by ",[67,1910,1911],{},"      clang-tidy     "," , but does not catch all violations of this rule.",[1726,1914,1916,1922,1928,1935],{"className":1915},[1862],[1757,1917,1918],{},[43,1919,1921],{"href":1920},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fcodesonar","CodeSonar",[1757,1923,1924],{},[1830,1925,1927],{"className":1926},[1833],"9.1p0",[1757,1929,1930],{},[39,1931,1932],{},[1842,1933,1934],{},"ALLOC.UAF",[1757,1936,1937],{},"Use after free",[1726,1939,1941,1947,1953,1959],{"className":1940},[1820],[1757,1942,1943],{},[43,1944,1946],{"href":1945},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Frose","Compass\u002FROSE",[1757,1948,1949],{},[39,1950,1951],{},[1846,1952],{},[1757,1954,1955],{},[39,1956,1957],{},[1846,1958],{},[1757,1960,1961],{},[39,1962,1963],{},[1846,1964],{},[1726,1966,1968,1976,1982,1989],{"className":1967},[1862],[1757,1969,1970],{},[39,1971,1972],{},[43,1973,1975],{"href":1974},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fee-analyzers\u002Fcoverity","Coverity",[1757,1977,1978],{},[1830,1979,1981],{"className":1980},[1833],"v7.5.0",[1757,1983,1984],{},[39,1985,1986],{},[1842,1987,1988],{},"USE_AFTER_FREE",[1757,1990,1991],{},[39,1992,1993],{},"Can detect the specific instances where memory is deallocated more than once or read\u002Fwritten to the target of a freed pointer",[1726,1995,1997,2003,2011,2018],{"className":1996},[1820],[1757,1998,1999],{},[43,2000,2002],{"href":2001},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fhelix-qac","Helix QAC",[1757,2004,2005],{},[1830,2006,2008],{"className":2007},[1833],[39,2009,2010],{},"2025.2",[1757,2012,2013],{},[39,2014,2015],{},[1842,2016,2017],{},"C++4303, C++4304",[1757,2019,2020],{},[1846,2021],{},[1726,2023,2025,2031,2036,2076],{"className":2024},[1862],[1757,2026,2027],{},[43,2028,2030],{"href":2029},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fklocwork","Klocwork",[1757,2032,2033],{},[1830,2034,2010],{"className":2035},[1833],[1757,2037,2038,2041,2043,2046,2048,2051,2053,2056,2058,2061,2063,2066,2068,2071,2073],{},[1842,2039,2040],{},"UFM.DEREF.MIGHT",[1846,2042],{},[1842,2044,2045],{},"UFM.DEREF.MUST",[1846,2047],{},[1842,2049,2050],{},"UFM.FFM.MIGHT",[1846,2052],{},[1842,2054,2055],{},"UFM.FFM.MUST",[1846,2057],{},[1842,2059,2060],{},"UFM.RETURN.MIGHT",[1846,2062],{},[1842,2064,2065],{},"UFM.RETURN.MUST",[1846,2067],{},[1842,2069,2070],{},"UFM.USE.MIGHT",[1846,2072],{},[1842,2074,2075],{},"UFM.USE.MUST",[1757,2077,2078],{},[39,2079,2080],{},[1846,2081],{},[1726,2083,2085,2091,2097,2108],{"className":2084},[1820],[1757,2086,2087],{},[43,2088,2090],{"href":2089},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fldra","LDRA tool suite",[1757,2092,2093],{},[1830,2094,2096],{"className":2095},[1833],"9.7.1",[1757,2098,2099],{},[39,2100,2101,1626,2104],{},[1842,2102,2103],{},"483 S, 484 S",[1842,2105,2106],{},[1846,2107],{},[1757,2109,2110],{},[39,2111,2112],{},"Partially implemented",[1726,2114,2116,2122,2127,2134],{"className":2115},[1862],[1757,2117,2118],{},[43,2119,2121],{"href":2120},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fparasoft","Parasoft C\u002FC++test",[1757,2123,2124],{},[1830,2125,2010],{"className":2126},[1833],[1757,2128,2129],{},[1842,2130,2131,2132],{},"CERT_CPP-MEM50-a",[1846,2133],{},[1757,2135,2136],{},[39,2137,2138],{},"Do not use resources that have been freed",[1726,2140,2142,2147,2151,2155],{"className":2141},[1820],[1757,2143,2144],{},[43,2145,2146],{"href":2120},"Parasoft Insure++",[1757,2148,2149],{},[1846,2150],{},[1757,2152,2153],{},[1846,2154],{},[1757,2156,2157],{},"Runtime detection",[1726,2159,2161,2167,2175,2181],{"className":2160},[1862],[1757,2162,2163],{},[43,2164,2166],{"href":2165},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fpolyspace-bug-finder","Polyspace Bug Finder",[1757,2168,2169],{},[1830,2170,2172],{"className":2171},[1833],[39,2173,2174],{},"R2025b",[1757,2176,2177],{},[43,2178,2180],{"href":2179},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mathworks.com\u002Fhelp\u002Fbugfinder\u002Fref\u002Fcertcmem50cpp.html","CERT C++: MEM50-CPP",[1757,2182,2183,2186,2199],{},[39,2184,2185],{},"Checks for:",[2187,2188,2189,2193,2196],"ul",{},[2190,2191,2192],"li",{},"Pointer access out of bounds",[2190,2194,2195],{},"Deallocation of previously deallocated pointer",[2190,2197,2198],{},"Use of previously freed pointer",[39,2200,2201],{},"Rule partially covered.",[1726,2203,2205,2211,2219,2234],{"className":2204},[1820],[1757,2206,2207],{},[43,2208,2210],{"href":2209},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fpvs-studio","PVS-Studio",[1757,2212,2213],{},[1830,2214,2216],{"className":2215},[1833],[39,2217,2218],{},"7.42",[1757,2220,2221,2227,2228],{},[43,2222,2224],{"href":2223},"https:\u002F\u002Fpvs-studio.com\u002Fen\u002Fdocs\u002Fwarnings\u002Fv586\u002F",[1842,2225,2226],{},"V586"," , ",[1842,2229,2230],{},[43,2231,2233],{"href":2232},"https:\u002F\u002Fpvs-studio.com\u002Fen\u002Fdocs\u002Fwarnings\u002Fv774\u002F","V774",[1757,2235,2236],{},[1846,2237],{},[1726,2239,2241,2247,2254,2264],{"className":2240},[1862],[1757,2242,2243],{},[43,2244,2246],{"href":2245},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Frulechecker","RuleChecker",[1757,2248,2249],{},[1830,2250,2252],{"className":2251},[1833],[39,2253,1836],{},[1757,2255,2256],{},[39,2257,2258,1626,2262],{},[1842,2259,1844,2260],{},[1846,2261],{},[1842,2263,1850],{},[1757,2265,2266],{},"partially checked",[1726,2268,2270,2276,2284,2297],{"className":2269},[1820],[1757,2271,2272],{},[43,2273,2275],{"href":2274},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fsecurity-reviewer-static-reviewer","Security Reviewer - Static Reviewer",[1757,2277,2278],{},[1830,2279,2281],{"className":2280},[1833],[39,2282,2283],{},"6.02",[1757,2285,2286],{},[1842,2287,2288,2289,2291,2292,2294,2295],{},"CPP_12",[1846,2290],{},"\nCPP_14",[1846,2293],{},"\nCPP_15",[1846,2296],{},[1757,2298,2299],{},"Fully implemented",[1726,2301,2303,2309,2315,2321],{"className":2302},[1862],[1757,2304,2305],{},[43,2306,2308],{"href":2307},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fcc-analyzers\u002Fsplint","Splint",[1757,2310,2311],{},[1830,2312,2314],{"className":2313},[1833],"5.0",[1757,2316,2317],{},[39,2318,2319],{},[1846,2320],{},[1757,2322,2323],{},[39,2324,2325],{},[1846,2326],{},[62,2328,2330],{"id":2329},"related-vulnerabilities","Related Vulnerabilities",[39,2332,2333,2334,2340,2341,2345],{},"VU#623332 describes a double-free vulnerability in the MIT Kerberos 5 function ",[43,2335,2339],{"href":2336,"rel":2337},"http:\u002F\u002Fweb.mit.edu\u002Fkerberos\u002Fwww\u002Fadvisories\u002FMITKRB5-SA-2005-003-recvauth.txt",[2338],"nofollow","krb5_recvauth()"," [ ",[43,2342,2344],{"href":2343},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Faa-bibliography#AA.Bibliography-VU623332","VU# 623332"," ].",[39,2347,2348,2349,2352,2353,57],{},"Search for other ",[43,2350,56],{"href":2351},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Fback-matter\u002Fbb-definitions#BB.Definitions-vulnerability"," resulting from the violation of this rule on the ",[43,2354,2357],{"href":2355,"rel":2356},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kb.cert.org\u002Fvulnotes\u002Fbymetric?searchview&query=FIELD+KEYWORDS+contains+MEM30-CPP",[2338],"CERT website",[62,2359,2361],{"id":2360},"related-guidelines","Related Guidelines",[1718,2363,2365],{"className":2364},[1790],[1752,2366,2367,2387,2401],{},[1726,2368,2370,2375],{"className":2369},[1820],[1757,2371,2372],{},[43,2373,2374],{"href":20},"SEI CERT C++ Coding Standard",[1757,2376,2377,2383],{},[39,2378,2379],{},[43,2380,2382],{"href":2381},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp54-cpp","EXP54-CPP. Do not access an object outside of its lifetime",[39,2384,2385],{},[43,2386,260],{"href":259},[1726,2388,2390,2395],{"className":2389},[1862],[1757,2391,2392],{},[43,2393,2394],{"href":17},"SEI CERT C Coding Standard",[1757,2396,2397],{},[43,2398,2400],{"href":2399},"\u002Fsei-cert-c-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem30-c","MEM30-C. 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)",{"id":1400,"depth":119,"text":1401},{"id":1523,"depth":119,"text":1026},{"id":1610,"depth":119,"text":1026},{"id":1703,"depth":119,"text":1704},{"id":1785,"depth":119,"text":1786},{"id":2329,"depth":119,"text":2330},{"id":2360,"depth":119,"text":2361},{"id":2428,"depth":119,"text":2429},"Evaluating a pointer—including dereferencing the pointer, using it as an operand of an arithmetic operation, type casting it, and using it as the right-hand side of an assignment—into memory that has been deallocated by a memory management function is undefined behavior . Pointers to memory that has been deallocated are called dangling pointers . Accessing a dangling pointer can result in exploitable vulnerabilities .","md",{"tags":2516},[2517,2518,2519,2520,2521,2522,2523,2524,2525,2526],"review","cwe-415","ptc","review-dms","rose-possible","rule","cwe-416","mem","notes","review-ajb","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem50-cpp",{"title":30,"description":2513},"5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F2.mem50-cpp","qSXd6LEG9afHtsT8TTgReui6ZzKD9DS6NpqE6azGoQA",[2532,2536],{"title":2533,"path":2534,"stem":2535,"children":-1},"Memory Management (MEM)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F1.index",{"title":2537,"path":2481,"stem":2538,"children":-1},"MEM51-CPP. Properly deallocate dynamically allocated resources","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F3.mem51-cpp",[2540],{"title":2374,"path":2541,"stem":2542,"children":2543},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F1.index",[2544,2545,2612,3003,3202,3212],{"title":2374,"path":2541,"stem":2542},{"title":2546,"path":2547,"stem":2548,"children":2549},"Front Matter","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F1.index",[2550,2551],{"title":2546,"path":2547,"stem":2548},{"title":2552,"path":2553,"stem":2554,"children":2555},"Introduction","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F01.index",[2556,2557,2561,2565,2569,2573,2577,2581,2585,2589,2593,2597,2601,2605,2609],{"title":2552,"path":2553,"stem":2554},{"title":2558,"path":2559,"stem":2560},"Scope","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fscope","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F02.scope",{"title":2562,"path":2563,"stem":2564},"Audience","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Faudience","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F03.audience",{"title":2566,"path":2567,"stem":2568},"Usage","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fusage","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F04.usage",{"title":2570,"path":2571,"stem":2572},"How this Coding Standard Is Organized","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fhow-this-coding-standard-is-organized","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F05.how-this-coding-standard-is-organized",{"title":2574,"path":2575,"stem":2576},"Relation to the CERT C Coding Standard","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Frelation-to-the-cert-c-coding-standard","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F06.relation-to-the-cert-c-coding-standard",{"title":2578,"path":2579,"stem":2580},"Rules Versus Recommendations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Frules-versus-recommendations","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F07.rules-versus-recommendations",{"title":2582,"path":2583,"stem":2584},"Tool Selection and Validation","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Ftool-selection-and-validation","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F08.tool-selection-and-validation",{"title":2586,"path":2587,"stem":2588},"Conformance Testing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fconformance-testing","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F09.conformance-testing",{"title":2590,"path":2591,"stem":2592},"Development Process","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fdevelopment-process","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F10.development-process",{"title":2594,"path":2595,"stem":2596},"System Qualities","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fsystem-qualities","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F11.system-qualities",{"title":2598,"path":2599,"stem":2600},"Automatically Generated Code","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fautomatically-generated-code","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F12.automatically-generated-code",{"title":2602,"path":2603,"stem":2604},"Government Regulations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fgovernment-regulations","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F13.government-regulations",{"title":2606,"path":2607,"stem":2608},"Acknowledgments","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Facknowledgments","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F14.acknowledgments",{"title":1786,"path":2610,"stem":2611},"\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Ffront-matter\u002Fintroduction\u002Fautomated-detection","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F2.front-matter\u002F2.introduction\u002F15.automated-detection",{"title":2613,"path":2614,"stem":2615,"children":2616},"Rules","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F01.index",[2617,2618,2640,2674,2716,2766,2824,2884,2898,2908,2935,2961],{"title":2613,"path":2614,"stem":2615},{"title":2619,"path":2620,"stem":2621,"children":2622},"Characters and Strings (STR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F1.index",[2623,2624,2628,2632,2636],{"title":2619,"path":2620,"stem":2621},{"title":2625,"path":2626,"stem":2627},"STR50-CPP. Guarantee that storage for strings has sufficient space for character data and the null terminator","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F2.str50-cpp",{"title":2629,"path":2630,"stem":2631},"STR52-CPP. Use valid references, pointers, and iterators to reference elements of a basic_string","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F3.str52-cpp",{"title":2633,"path":2634,"stem":2635},"STR53-CPP. Range check element access","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F4.str53-cpp",{"title":2637,"path":2638,"stem":2639},"string from a null pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcharacters-and-strings-str\u002Fstring-from-a-null-pointer","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F02.characters-and-strings-str\u002F5.string-from-a-null-pointer",{"title":2641,"path":2642,"stem":2643,"children":2644},"Concurrency (CON)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F1.index",[2645,2646,2650,2654,2658,2662,2666,2670],{"title":2641,"path":2642,"stem":2643},{"title":2647,"path":2648,"stem":2649},"CON50-CPP. Do not destroy a mutex while it is locked","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F2.con50-cpp",{"title":2651,"path":2652,"stem":2653},"CON51-CPP. Ensure actively held locks are released on exceptional conditions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F3.con51-cpp",{"title":2655,"path":2656,"stem":2657},"CON52-CPP. Prevent data races when accessing bit-fields from multiple threads","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F4.con52-cpp",{"title":2659,"path":2660,"stem":2661},"CON53-CPP. Avoid deadlock by locking in a predefined order","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F5.con53-cpp",{"title":2663,"path":2664,"stem":2665},"CON54-CPP. Wrap functions that can spuriously wake up in a loop","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F6.con54-cpp",{"title":2667,"path":2668,"stem":2669},"CON55-CPP. Preserve thread safety and liveness when using condition variables","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F7.con55-cpp",{"title":2671,"path":2672,"stem":2673},"CON56-CPP. Do not speculatively lock a non-recursive mutex that is already owned by the calling thread","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fconcurrency-con\u002Fcon56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F03.concurrency-con\u002F8.con56-cpp",{"title":2675,"path":2676,"stem":2677,"children":2678},"Containers (CTR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F01.index",[2679,2680,2684,2688,2692,2696,2700,2704,2708,2712],{"title":2675,"path":2676,"stem":2677},{"title":2681,"path":2682,"stem":2683},"CTR50-CPP. Guarantee that container indices and iterators are within the valid range","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F02.ctr50-cpp",{"title":2685,"path":2686,"stem":2687},"CTR51-CPP. Use valid references, pointers, and iterators to reference elements of a container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F03.ctr51-cpp",{"title":2689,"path":2690,"stem":2691},"CTR52-CPP. Guarantee that library functions do not overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F04.ctr52-cpp",{"title":2693,"path":2694,"stem":2695},"CTR53-CPP. Use valid iterator ranges","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F05.ctr53-cpp",{"title":2697,"path":2698,"stem":2699},"CTR54-CPP. Do not subtract iterators that do not refer to the same container","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F06.ctr54-cpp",{"title":2701,"path":2702,"stem":2703},"CTR55-CPP. Do not use an additive operator on an iterator if the result would overflow","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F07.ctr55-cpp",{"title":2705,"path":2706,"stem":2707},"CTR56-CPP. Do not use pointer arithmetic on polymorphic objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F08.ctr56-cpp",{"title":2709,"path":2710,"stem":2711},"CTR57-CPP. Provide a valid ordering predicate","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F09.ctr57-cpp",{"title":2713,"path":2714,"stem":2715},"CTR58-CPP. Predicate function objects should not be mutable","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fcontainers-ctr\u002Fctr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F04.containers-ctr\u002F10.ctr58-cpp",{"title":2717,"path":2718,"stem":2719,"children":2720},"Declarations and Initialization (DCL)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F01.index",[2721,2722,2726,2730,2734,2738,2742,2746,2750,2754,2758,2762],{"title":2717,"path":2718,"stem":2719},{"title":2723,"path":2724,"stem":2725},"DCL50-CPP. Do not define a C-style variadic function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F02.dcl50-cpp",{"title":2727,"path":2728,"stem":2729},"DCL51-CPP. Do not declare or define a reserved identifier","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F03.dcl51-cpp",{"title":2731,"path":2732,"stem":2733},"DCL52-CPP. Never qualify a reference type with const or volatile","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F04.dcl52-cpp",{"title":2735,"path":2736,"stem":2737},"DCL53-CPP. Do not write syntactically ambiguous declarations","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F05.dcl53-cpp",{"title":2739,"path":2740,"stem":2741},"DCL54-CPP. Overload allocation and deallocation functions as a pair in the same scope","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F06.dcl54-cpp",{"title":2743,"path":2744,"stem":2745},"DCL55-CPP. Avoid information leakage when passing a class object across a trust boundary","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F07.dcl55-cpp",{"title":2747,"path":2748,"stem":2749},"DCL56-CPP. Avoid cycles during initialization of static objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F08.dcl56-cpp",{"title":2751,"path":2752,"stem":2753},"DCL57-CPP. Do not let exceptions escape from destructors or deallocation functions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F09.dcl57-cpp",{"title":2755,"path":2756,"stem":2757},"DCL58-CPP. Do not modify the standard namespaces","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F10.dcl58-cpp",{"title":2759,"path":2760,"stem":2761},"DCL59-CPP. Do not define an unnamed namespace in a header file","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F11.dcl59-cpp",{"title":2763,"path":2764,"stem":2765},"DCL60-CPP. Obey the one-definition rule","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fdeclarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002Fdcl60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F05.declarations-and-initialization-dcl\u002F12.dcl60-cpp",{"title":2767,"path":2768,"stem":2769,"children":2770},"Exceptions and Error Handling (ERR)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F01.index",[2771,2772,2776,2780,2784,2788,2792,2796,2800,2804,2808,2812,2816,2820],{"title":2767,"path":2768,"stem":2769},{"title":2773,"path":2774,"stem":2775},"ERR50-CPP. Do not abruptly terminate the program","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F02.err50-cpp",{"title":2777,"path":2778,"stem":2779},"ERR51-CPP. Handle all exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F03.err51-cpp",{"title":2781,"path":2782,"stem":2783},"ERR52-CPP. Do not use setjmp() or longjmp()","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F04.err52-cpp",{"title":2785,"path":2786,"stem":2787},"ERR53-CPP. Do not reference base classes or class data members in a constructor or destructor function-try-block handler","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F05.err53-cpp",{"title":2789,"path":2790,"stem":2791},"ERR54-CPP. Catch handlers should order their parameter types from most derived to least derived","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F06.err54-cpp",{"title":2793,"path":2794,"stem":2795},"ERR55-CPP. Honor exception specifications","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F07.err55-cpp",{"title":2797,"path":2798,"stem":2799},"ERR56-CPP. Guarantee exception safety","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F08.err56-cpp",{"title":2801,"path":2802,"stem":2803},"ERR57-CPP. Do not leak resources when handling exceptions","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F09.err57-cpp",{"title":2805,"path":2806,"stem":2807},"ERR58-CPP. Handle all exceptions thrown before main() begins executing","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F10.err58-cpp",{"title":2809,"path":2810,"stem":2811},"ERR59-CPP. Do not throw an exception across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F11.err59-cpp",{"title":2813,"path":2814,"stem":2815},"ERR60-CPP. Exception objects must be nothrow copy constructible","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F12.err60-cpp",{"title":2817,"path":2818,"stem":2819},"ERR61-CPP. Catch exceptions by lvalue reference","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F13.err61-cpp",{"title":2821,"path":2822,"stem":2823},"ERR62-CPP. Detect errors when converting a string to a number","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002Ferr62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F06.exceptions-and-error-handling-err\u002F14.err62-cpp",{"title":2825,"path":2826,"stem":2827,"children":2828},"Expressions (EXP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F01.index",[2829,2830,2834,2838,2842,2846,2848,2852,2856,2860,2864,2868,2872,2876,2880],{"title":2825,"path":2826,"stem":2827},{"title":2831,"path":2832,"stem":2833},"EXP50-CPP. Do not depend on the order of evaluation for side effects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F02.exp50-cpp",{"title":2835,"path":2836,"stem":2837},"EXP51-CPP. Do not delete an array through a pointer of the incorrect type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F03.exp51-cpp",{"title":2839,"path":2840,"stem":2841},"EXP52-CPP. Do not rely on side effects in unevaluated operands","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F04.exp52-cpp",{"title":2843,"path":2844,"stem":2845},"EXP53-CPP. Do not read uninitialized memory","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F05.exp53-cpp",{"title":2382,"path":2381,"stem":2847},"5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F06.exp54-cpp",{"title":2849,"path":2850,"stem":2851},"EXP55-CPP. Do not access a cv-qualified object through a cv-unqualified type","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F07.exp55-cpp",{"title":2853,"path":2854,"stem":2855},"EXP56-CPP. Do not call a function with a mismatched language linkage","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F08.exp56-cpp",{"title":2857,"path":2858,"stem":2859},"EXP57-CPP. Do not cast or delete pointers to incomplete classes","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F09.exp57-cpp",{"title":2861,"path":2862,"stem":2863},"EXP58-CPP. Pass an object of the correct type to va_start","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp58-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F10.exp58-cpp",{"title":2865,"path":2866,"stem":2867},"EXP59-CPP. Use offsetof() on valid types and members","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp59-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F11.exp59-cpp",{"title":2869,"path":2870,"stem":2871},"EXP60-CPP. Do not pass a nonstandard-layout type object across execution boundaries","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp60-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F12.exp60-cpp",{"title":2873,"path":2874,"stem":2875},"EXP61-CPP. A lambda object must not outlive any of its reference captured objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp61-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F13.exp61-cpp",{"title":2877,"path":2878,"stem":2879},"EXP62-CPP. Do not access the bits of an object representation that are not part of the object's value representation","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp62-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F14.exp62-cpp",{"title":2881,"path":2882,"stem":2883},"EXP63-CPP. Do not rely on the value of a moved-from object","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fexpressions-exp\u002Fexp63-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F07.expressions-exp\u002F15.exp63-cpp",{"title":2885,"path":2886,"stem":2887,"children":2888},"Input Output (FIO)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F1.index",[2889,2890,2894],{"title":2885,"path":2886,"stem":2887},{"title":2891,"path":2892,"stem":2893},"FIO50-CPP. Do not alternately input and output from a file stream without an intervening positioning call","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F2.fio50-cpp",{"title":2895,"path":2896,"stem":2897},"FIO51-CPP. Close files when they are no longer needed","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Finput-output-fio\u002Ffio51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F08.input-output-fio\u002F3.fio51-cpp",{"title":2899,"path":2900,"stem":2901,"children":2902},"Integers (INT)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F1.index",[2903,2904],{"title":2899,"path":2900,"stem":2901},{"title":2905,"path":2906,"stem":2907},"INT50-CPP. Do not cast to an out-of-range enumeration value","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fintegers-int\u002Fint50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F09.integers-int\u002F2.int50-cpp",{"title":2533,"path":2534,"stem":2535,"children":2909},[2910,2911,2912,2913,2915,2919,2923,2927,2931],{"title":2533,"path":2534,"stem":2535},{"title":30,"path":2527,"stem":2529},{"title":2537,"path":2481,"stem":2538},{"title":260,"path":259,"stem":2914},"5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F4.mem52-cpp",{"title":2916,"path":2917,"stem":2918},"MEM53-CPP. Explicitly construct and destruct objects when manually managing object lifetime","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F5.mem53-cpp",{"title":2920,"path":2921,"stem":2922},"MEM54-CPP. Provide placement new with properly aligned pointers to sufficient storage capacity","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F6.mem54-cpp",{"title":2924,"path":2925,"stem":2926},"MEM55-CPP. Honor replacement dynamic storage management requirements","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem55-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F7.mem55-cpp",{"title":2928,"path":2929,"stem":2930},"MEM56-CPP. Do not store an already-owned pointer value in an unrelated smart pointer","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem56-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F8.mem56-cpp",{"title":2932,"path":2933,"stem":2934},"MEM57-CPP. Avoid using default operator new for over-aligned types","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmemory-management-mem\u002Fmem57-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F10.memory-management-mem\u002F9.mem57-cpp",{"title":2936,"path":2937,"stem":2938,"children":2939},"Miscellaneous (MSC)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F1.index",[2940,2941,2945,2949,2953,2957],{"title":2936,"path":2937,"stem":2938},{"title":2942,"path":2943,"stem":2944},"MSC51-CPP. Ensure your random number generator is properly seeded","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F2.msc51-cpp",{"title":2946,"path":2947,"stem":2948},"MSC52-CPP. Value-returning functions must return a value from all exit paths","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F3.msc52-cpp",{"title":2950,"path":2951,"stem":2952},"MSC53-CPP. Do not return from a function declared [[noreturn]]","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc53-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F4.msc53-cpp",{"title":2954,"path":2955,"stem":2956},"MSC54-CPP. A signal handler must be a plain old function","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Fmsc54-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F5.msc54-cpp",{"title":2958,"path":2959,"stem":2960},"rand() for generating pseudorandom numbers","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fmiscellaneous-msc\u002Frand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F11.miscellaneous-msc\u002F6.rand-for-generating-pseudorandom-numbers",{"title":2962,"path":2963,"stem":2964,"children":2965},"Object Oriented Programming (OOP)","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F01.index",[2966,2967,2971,2975,2979,2983,2987,2991,2995,2999],{"title":2962,"path":2963,"stem":2964},{"title":2968,"path":2969,"stem":2970},"OOP50-CPP. Do not invoke virtual functions from constructors or destructors","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop50-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F02.oop50-cpp",{"title":2972,"path":2973,"stem":2974},"OOP51-CPP. Do not slice derived objects","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop51-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F03.oop51-cpp",{"title":2976,"path":2977,"stem":2978},"OOP52-CPP. Do not delete a polymorphic object without a virtual destructor","\u002Fsei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002Frules\u002Fobject-oriented-programming-oop\u002Foop52-cpp","5.sei-cert-cpp-coding-standard\u002F3.rules\u002F12.object-oriented-programming-oop\u002F04.oop52-cpp",{"title":2980,"path":2981,"stem":2982},"OOP53-CPP. 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